Wiktionary

tener

See also: Tener and téner

Aragonese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Navarro-Aragonese tener, in turn from Latin tenēre.

Verb

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tener

  1. to have; to hold

Asturian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Leonese tenere, in turn from Latin tenēre.

Verb

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tener

  1. have got; to have
  2. to have to (indicates necessity)
  3. (used with por) to hold

Conjugation

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Conjugation of tener
infinitive tener
gerundive teniendo
participle m teniú, f tenida, n tenío, m pl teníos, f pl teníes
person first singular
yo 		second singular
tu 		third singular
él/elli 		first plural
nosotros/nós 		second plural
vosotros/vós 		third plural
ellos
indicative present tengo/teo/to tienes tien tenemos tenéis tienen
imperfect tenía teníes tenía teníamos/teníemos teníais/teníeis teníen
preterite tevi/tuvi tuviesti/tuvisti tevo/tuvo tuviemos/tuvimos tuviestis/tuvistis tuvieron
pluperfect tuviera/tuviere tuvieras/tuvieres tuviera/tuviere tuviéramos/tuviéremos tuvierais/tuviereis tuvieran/tuvieren
future tendré tendrás tendrá tendremos tendréis tendrán
conditional tendría tendríes tendría tendríamos/tendríemos tendríais/tendríeis tendríen
subjunctive present tenga tengas tenga tengamos tengáis tengan
imperfect tuviera/tuviere tuvieras/tuvieres tuviera/tuviere tuviéramos/tuviéremos tuvierais/tuviereis tuvieran/tuvieren
imperative ten tenéi

Bikol Central

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish tener.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /teˈneɾ/ [teˈn̪eɾ]
  • Hyphenation: te‧ner

Verb

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tenér (plural terener, Basahan spelling ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜍ᜔)

  1. to stay; to remain

Derived terms

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Interlingua

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Verb

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tener

  1. to hold

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of tener
infinitive tener
participle present perfect
tenente tenite
active simple perfect
present tene ha tenite
past teneva habeva tenite
future tenera habera tenite
conditional tenerea haberea tenite
imperative tene —
passive simple perfect
present es tenite ha essite tenite
past esseva tenite habeva essite tenite
future essera tenite habera essite tenite
conditional esserea tenite haberea essite tenite
imperative sia tenite —

Italian

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Verb

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tener (apocopated)

  1. Apocopic form of tenere

Ladino

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Spanish tener (“to hold”), from Latin tenēre, teneō (“to hold; to keep; to have”), from Proto-Italic *tenēō, stative from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch or draw”). The preterite forms in tuv- are from contamination with those of the nearly synonymous aver, uv-.

Verb

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tener (Hebrew spelling טיניר)[1]

  1. (transitive) to have; to possess
    Synonym: posedar
    • 1940, Gren Rabino David Berman, La boz de Türkiye‎[1], numbers 11–34, page 85:
      Es la Boz del Chofar que nos combida a elevarnos mas arriva de las mesquinerias de la vida de cada dia, de nuestras vanedades pueriles(mesquinas), de nuestras ideas yerradas, siegas y malechoras de la animalidad, que, a nuestra grande verguensa, nosotros tenemos tanta pena a dominar.
      It is the voice of the chofer that invites us to elevate ourselves above the narrow-mindedness of everyday life, of our puerile (and narrow-minded) vanities, of our mistaken ideas, blind and criminal from the beastliness that, to our great shame, we have so much trouble dominating.
    • 1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca‎[2], Editions Vidas Largas, page 28:
      Djugava de oreja, i no tenia buena oreja !
      [Somebody] was playing by ear, and [they] did not have a good ear!
  2. to have (be with a quality or condition)
    • 2000, La Lettre Sépharade‎[3], numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 16:
      Tyénes razón, Pérla presyáda, ken syénte a la mujer no se engánya.
      You are correct, precious Pearl, who listens to the woman who is honest with herself.
      (literally, “You have rightness, precious Pearl, who hears at the woman who to herself lies not.”)
  3. (transitive) to be of a certain age
    • 2000, La Lettre Sépharade‎[4], numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 17:
      La ija Doreta kere ser avokata, i el terser, Hayimiko tyene katorze anyos.
      The daughter Doreta wants to become a lawyer, and the third one, Hayimiko, is fourteen years old.
    • 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎[5], Nur Afakot, page 36:
      Pensas de no poder eskrivir presto? No emporta. I yo empesí avagar avagar. Tinía katorze anyos. I saves porké para mí fue mas fasil? Porké de la edá de diez anyos yo tanyía el piano.
      You think that you can’t write early? Whatever. I started very slowly. I was fourteen years old. And you know why it was easier for me? Because at age ten I was playing the piano.
  4. (used with que) to have to
    • 1999, Eliezer Papo, La megila de Saray‎[6], E. Papo, page 106:
      Siguro le vinieron algunos chuilis ke manyana parten i intonses tenia ke fazer fecho kon eyos agora.
      Surely some peasants that leave tomorrow came thereto, so [somebody] has to deal with them now.
  5. (transitive) to wear
    Synonym: vestir
    • 1992, Aki Yerushalayim‎[7], numbers 45–48, page 58:
      Este viejo ke tenia los vistidos rotos i suzios vino i se asento enfrente de Sarika, kito de su djep un jurnal amariyo kon manchas de azeyte i se metio a meldarlo sin darle importansa.
      This old man wearing torn and dirty clothes came and sat down in front of Sarika, taking a yellow, oil-stained journal out of his pocket, and it was put down for reading without specifying its importance.
  6. (auxiliary) to have (in the present tense)
    Coordinate term: aver
    • 2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki‎[8], Isis, →ISBN, page 208:
      “Vinites djusto en su tyempo, porke ay tres diyas ke no tengo komido nada i esto muy ambierto. Agora es a ti ke te va a komer.”
      ‘You came just in time, because it has been three days since I have eaten anything and I am pretty hungry. Now I am going to eat you.’

Conjugation

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conjugation of tener
infinitive tener
gerund tenyendo,
tuvyendo
participle tenido,
tinido,
tuvido
number singular plural
person first person second person third person first person second person third person
indicative yo tu el
eya 		mozotros
mozotras 		vozotros
vozotras 		eyos
eyas
simple present tengo,
tengoy 		tienes,
tyenes,
tyénes 		tiene,
tyene 		tenemos tenésh tienen,
tyenen
imperfect tenia,
teniya,
tinía,
tiniya 		teniyas,
tiniyas 		tenia,
teniya,
tinía,
tiniya 		teniamos,
teníyamos 		teniyash tenian,
teniyan
preterite tuve tuvites tuvo tuvimos tuvitesh tuvyeron
future tendré,
teneré,
terné 		tendrás,
tenerás,
ternás 		tendra,
tendrá,
tenerá,
terná 		tendremos,
teneremos,
ternemos 		tendrésh,
tenerésh,
ternésh 		tendrán,
tenerán,
ternán
conditional tendria,
tendriya,
teneriya,
tenriya 		tendriyas,
teneriyas,
tenriyas 		tendria,
tendriya,
teneriya,
tenriya 		tendríyamos,
teneríyamos,
tenríyamos 		tendriyash,
teneriyash,
tenriyash 		tendrian,
tendriyan,
teneriyan,
tenriyan
subjunctive yo tu el
eya 		mozotros
mozotras 		vozotros
vozotras 		eyos
eyas
present tenga tengas tenga tengamos tengash,
tengásh 		tengan
past tuvyera tuvyeras tuvyera tuvyéramos tuvyerash tuvyeran
imperative — — — —
affirmative (tenga) ten (tenga) (tengamos) tené,
tenéd 		(tengan)
negativo (no tenga) no tengas (no tenga) (no tengamos) no tengash,
tengásh 		(no tengan)
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References

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  1. ^ “tener”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

Latin

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Etymology

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Disputed; either:

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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tener (feminine tenera, neuter tenerum, comparative tenerior, superlative tenerrimus, adverb tenerē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

  1. soft, delicate, tender
  2. young, youthful
  3. effeminate, sensitive
  4. (poetic) erotic

Declension

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First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative tener tenera tenerum tenerī tenerae tenera
genitive tenerī tenerae tenerī tenerōrum tenerārum tenerōrum
dative tenerō tenerae tenerō tenerīs
accusative tenerum teneram tenerum tenerōs tenerās tenera
ablative tenerō tenerā tenerō tenerīs
vocative tener tenera tenerum tenerī tenerae tenera

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “tener, -a, -um”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 613

Further reading

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  • “tener”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “tener”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • tener in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[9], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to be confined to one's bed: lecto teneri
    • (ambiguous) to be in gross error, seriously misled: magno errore teneri
    • (ambiguous) to be enamoured of philosophy: philosophiae (sapientiae) studio teneri (Acad. 1. 2. 4)
    • (ambiguous) to cherish a hope: spe duci, niti, teneri
    • (ambiguous) to long for a thing, yearn for it: desiderio alicuius rei teneri, affici (more strongly flagrare, incensum esse)
    • (ambiguous) to be bound by one's word; to be on one's honour: fide obstrictum teneri (Pis. 13. 29)
    • (ambiguous) to have an inclination for a thing: studio alicuius rei teneri
    • (ambiguous) to be bound by oath: iureiurando teneri (Off. 3. 27. 100)
    • (ambiguous) to be the slave of superstition: superstitione teneri, constrictum esse, obligatum esse
    • (ambiguous) to be bound by a law: lege teneri
    • (ambiguous) to be convicted by some one's evidence: testibus teneri, convictum esse

Mirandese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Leonese tenere, in turn from Latin tenēre.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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tener

  1. (transitive) to have (own something)

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of tener (irregular)
infinitive tener
gerund tenendo
past participle singular plural
masculine tenido tenidos
feminine tenida tenidas
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative you tu el nós bós eilhes
present tengo tenes ten tenemos teneis ténen
imperfect tenie tenies tenie teniemos teniedes tenien
preterite tube tubiste tubo tubimos tubistes tubírun
pluperfect tubira tubiras tubira tubíramos tubírades tubíran
future tenerei tenerás tenerá teneremos tenereis teneran
conditional tenerie teneries tenerie teneriemos teneriedes tenerien
subjunctive you tu el nós bós eilhes
present tenga tengas tenga téngamos téngades téngan
preterite tubisse tubisses tubisse tubíssemos tubíssedes tubíssen
future tubir tubires tubir tubirmos tubirdes tubíren
imperative — tu — — bós —
affirmative — ten — — tenei —
negative — — — — — —
personal infinitive you tu el nós bós eilhes
tener teneres tener tenermos tenerdes tenéren

Derived terms

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nouns
verbs

References

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  • “tener” in Amadeu Ferreira, José Pedro Cardona Ferreira, Dicionário Mirandês-Português, 1st edition, 2004.

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Verb

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tener

  1. Alternative form of tẽer

References

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Old Navarro-Aragonese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin tenēre, teneō (“to hold; to keep; to have”), from Proto-Italic *tenēō, stative from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch or draw”).

Verb

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tener

  1. (transitive) to take (into possession)
    • ca. 1376–1396, Juan Fernández de Heredia, Ystorias de Orosio :
      Diuso de aquesti tiempo, Quintilio Vario faziendose subdito de los subiectos con marauellosa soberuia et grant auaricia, de los germanos qui se rebellauan fue destruido con tres legiones. El qual tajamiento et mortaldat de la republica Cesar Agusto la tenia en tanto por mala et grieu, que muchas vegadas por el grant dolor que dende auia, dando con la cabeça a la pared cridaua: "Quintilio Vario riendeme las legiones que yo te di."
      Before this time, Quinctilius Varus, having become a subject of the conquered with marvelous arrogance and great greed, was destroyed by German rebels along with three legions. Augustus took this reduction [in the forces], this mortality of the Republic, so badly and with such grief, that he would often, in great pain, hit his head against a wall shouting, ‘Quinctilius Varus, give me back my legions!’

Old Spanish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin tenēre, teneō (“to hold; to keep; to have”), from Proto-Italic *tenēō, stative from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch; to draw”).

Verb

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tener

  1. (transitive) to have; to possess
    • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 51v:
      […] e fue reẏ de tr̃a de iudea. ⁊ de tr̃a de isrꝉ. e de ihrꝉm e de ſamaria e fazia cadaun dia grãt eſpenſa e tenia g̃nt cort.
      […] And he was king of the land of Judah and of the land of Israel, and of Jerusalem and of Samaria. And every day he incurred great expense and had a numerous court.
    • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 95r:
      Et q́ deſcenda ſobreſta piedra la uertud de figura de mugier con cabellos creſpos. ⁊ que tiene un ſu fijo pequennuelo ante ſi.
      And may over this stone descend the virtue of the figure of the woman with the curly hair, and who has her infant son before her.
  2. (transitive) to hold (grip)
    • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 56r.:
      […] deſpues del retornamiento peſcueço dela culuebra que tiene el encantador dellas […]
      After the returning of the neck of the snake held by the snake charmer.
  3. (intransitive) to reach (a height)
    • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 46v. b.:
      e veno en viſion dela noch q̃ vedia una eſcalera q̃ eſtaua ſobre la tierra e el cabo tenia ſobre los cielos eangeles de nr̃o ſennor ſubiã e deſcendian.
      In the night came a vision where he saw a stairway resting on the earth, with its top reaching to the heavens, and the angels of the Lord were ascending and descending it.

Descendants

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References

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  • Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “tener”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 491

Romansch

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Etymology 1

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From Latin tener, tenerum.

Adjective

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tener m (feminine singular tenra, masculine plural teners, feminine plural tenras)

  1. tender

Etymology 2

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From Latin teneō, tenēre.

Verb

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tener

  1. (Sursilvan) to hold, keep
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of tener (Sursilvan)
infinitive tener
gerund tenend
past participle teniu
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
present tenel tenas tena tenein teneis tenan
imperfect tenavel tenavas tenava tenavan tenavas tenavan
future vegnel a tener vegns a tener vegn a tener vegnin a tener vegnis a tener vegnan a tener
conditional jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
direct present teness tenesses teness tenessen tenesses tenessen
indirect present tenessi tenessies tenessi tenessien tenessies tenessien
direct future vegness a tener vegnesses a tener vegness a tener vegnessen a tener vegnesses a tener vegnessen a tener
indirect future vegnessi a tener vegnessies a tener vegnessi a tener vegnessien a tener vegnessies a tener vegnessien a tener
subjunctive che jeu che ti ch'el/ch'ella che nus che vus ch'els/ch'ellas
present teni tenies teni teneien teneies tenien
past tenevi tenevies tenevi tenevien tenevies tenevien
future vegni a tener vegnies a tener vegni a tener vegnîen a tener vegnîes a tener vegnien a tener
imperative — ti — — vus —
tena tenei
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Spanish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Spanish tener (“to hold”), from Latin tenēre, teneō (“to hold; to keep; to have”), from Proto-Italic *tenēō, stative from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch or draw”). The preterite forms in tuv- are from contamination with those of the nearly synonymous haber, hub-.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • IPA(key): /teˈneɾ/ [t̪eˈneɾ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɾ
  • Syllabification: te‧ner

Verb

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tener (first-person singular present tengo, first-person singular preterite tuve, past participle tenido)

  1. (transitive, literally) to have; to possess
    Synonym: poseer
    Ella tiene seis hermanos. ― She has six brothers.
    Tengo una pluma. ― I have a pen.
  2. (transitive) to have; to possess; to be (a condition or quality)
    Usted tiene suerte. ― You are lucky. (literally, “You have luck.”)
    ¡Ten cuidado! ― Be careful! (literally, “Have care!”)
    ¿Quién tiene razón? ― Who is right? (literally, “Who has reason?”)
  3. (transitive) to hold; to grasp
    Ten esto. ― Hold this.
  4. (transitive) to contain; to hold (e.g. to "hold the power to", "hold the key", "hold a clue", "hold the truth", "have a hold on", "hold in store", "hold all the cards", "hold in high regard", etc.)
    Este tarro tiene las cenizas. ― This jar contains the ashes.
    El estadio es enorme. Puede tener una capacidad de hasta cien mil espectadores.
    The stadium is huge. It can hold up to one hundred thousand spectators.
    Solía pensar que ese libro tenía todas las respuestas.
    I used to think that book held all the answers.
  5. (transitive) to have; to feel (internally)
    Él le tiene mucho cariño a ella. ― He has much admiration for her.
    Tengo frío. ― I feel cold.
    Tenemos hambre. ― We are hungry. (literally, “We have hunger.”)
  6. (transitive) to make to feel
    Eso nos tiene tristes. ― That makes us sad.
  7. (transitive) to have (a measure or age)
    Tiene tres metros de ancho. ― It is three metres wide. (literally, “It has three metres of width.”)
    Tengo veinte años. ― I am twenty (years old). (literally, “I have twenty years.”)
  8. (used with que) to have to
    Tengo que salir ahora. ― I have to leave now.
  9. to get (e.g. to get a minute, to get an idea, to get a chance, to get a concussion/bruise/headache, to get in an accident, to get a place, to get a view of, to get a meeting, to get a vision, etc.)
    Ese cadete necesita tenerlo bajo control. ― That cadet needs to get it under control.
  10. to keep; to bear (in certain phrases; e.g. to bear in mind, bear a resemblance, keep a journal/diary, keep around something or someone)
    Ten en cuenta que es más difícil de volver a subir al cañón que descenderlo.
    Keep in mind that it's more difficult to go back up the canyon than to go down it.
    Pronto voy a comprobar sus billetes, así que ténganlos a manos.
    I will soon be checking your tickets, so keep them handy.
    Ella tuvo diez hijos, todos partos naturales. ― She bore ten children, all natural births.
  11. to make (in a few select phrases)
    Ahora todo tiene sentido. ― Now everything makes sense.
  12. (reflexive) to be taken (usually has deber for an auxiliary verb when used)

Usage notes

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In the sense (to feel): tener is often used with nouns like calor (“heat”), frío (“cold”), hambre (“hunger”), sed (“thirst”), to indicate states; English would use adjectives instead

  • Tengo hambre ― I'm hungry (literally, “I have hunger”)
  • Tengo miedo ― I'm scared (literally, “I have fear”)

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of tener (irregular; e-ie alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive tener
gerund teniendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular tenido tenida
plural tenidos tenidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present tengo tienestú
tenésvos 		tiene tenemos tenéis tienen
imperfect tenía tenías tenía teníamos teníais tenían
preterite tuve tuviste tuvo tuvimos tuvisteis tuvieron
future tendré tendrás tendrá tendremos tendréis tendrán
conditional tendría tendrías tendría tendríamos tendríais tendrían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present tenga tengastú
tengásvos2 		tenga tengamos tengáis tengan
imperfect
(ra) 		tuviera tuvieras tuviera tuviéramos tuvierais tuvieran
imperfect
(se) 		tuviese tuvieses tuviese tuviésemos tuvieseis tuviesen
future1 tuviere tuvieres tuviere tuviéremos tuviereis tuvieren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative tentú
tenévos 		tenga tengamos tened tengan
negative no tengas no tenga no tengamos no tengáis no tengan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of tener (irregular; e-ie alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive tener dative tenerme tenerte tenerle, tenerse tenernos teneros tenerles, tenerse
accusative tenerme tenerte tenerlo, tenerla, tenerse tenernos teneros tenerlos, tenerlas, tenerse
with gerund teniendo dative teniéndome teniéndote teniéndole, teniéndose teniéndonos teniéndoos teniéndoles, teniéndose
accusative teniéndome teniéndote teniéndolo, teniéndola, teniéndose teniéndonos teniéndoos teniéndolos, teniéndolas, teniéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative ten dative tenme tente tenle tennos not used tenles
accusative tenme tente tenlo, tenla tennos not used tenlos, tenlas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative tené dative teneme tenete tenele tenenos not used teneles
accusative teneme tenete tenelo, tenela tenenos not used tenelos, tenelas
with formal second-person singular imperative tenga dative téngame not used téngale, téngase ténganos not used téngales
accusative téngame not used téngalo, téngala, téngase ténganos not used téngalos, téngalas
with first-person plural imperative tengamos dative not used tengámoste tengámosle tengámonos tengámoos tengámosles
accusative not used tengámoste tengámoslo, tengámosla tengámonos tengámoos tengámoslos, tengámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative tened dative tenedme not used tenedle tenednos teneos tenedles
accusative tenedme not used tenedlo, tenedla tenednos teneos tenedlos, tenedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative tengan dative ténganme not used ténganle téngannos not used ténganles, ténganse
accusative ténganme not used ténganlo, ténganla téngannos not used ténganlos, ténganlas, ténganse

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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