züllik

Hungarian edit

Etymology edit

Of unknown origin^[1] + -ik.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈzylːik]
Hyphenation: zül‧lik
Rhymes: -ylːik

Verb edit

züllik

(intransitive) to decay, to become depraved, to fall into degradation (to decline in quality in a moral sense)

Usage notes edit

This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull (ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.

Conjugation edit

conjugation of züllik

Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indef.	züllök	züllesz	züllik	züllünk	züllötök	züllenek
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	züllöttem	züllöttél	züllött	züllöttünk	züllöttetek	züllöttek
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. zülleni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	züllék	züllél	zülle	züllénk	züllétek	züllének
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. züllik vala, züllött vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	züllendek	züllendesz	züllend	züllendünk	züllendetek	züllendenek
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Conditional mood	Present	Indef.	züllenék	züllenél	züllene	züllenénk	züllenétek	züllenének
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. züllött volna
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indef.	zülljek	züllj or zülljél	zülljön	zülljünk	zülljetek	zülljenek
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. züllött légyen
Infinitive	zülleni		züllenem	züllened	züllenie	züllenünk	züllenetek	zülleniük
Other forms	züllés		züllő	züllött	―	züllve (züllvén)

potential conjugation of züllik

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indef.	züllhetek	züllhetsz	züllhet	züllhetünk	züllhettek	züllhetnek
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	züllhettem	züllhettél	züllhetett	züllhettünk	züllhettetek	züllhettek
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	züllheték	züllhetél	züllhete	züllheténk	züllhetétek	züllhetének
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. züllhet vala, züllhetett vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	züllhetendek or züllandhatok	züllhetendesz or züllandhatsz	züllhetend or züllandhat	züllhetendünk or züllandhatunk	züllhetendetek or züllandhattok	züllhetendenek or züllandhatnak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Conditional mood	Present	Indef.	züllhetnék	züllhetnél	züllhetne	züllhetnénk	züllhetnétek	züllhetnének
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. züllhetett volna
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indef.	züllhessek	züllhess or züllhessél	züllhessen	züllhessünk	züllhessetek	züllhessenek
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. züllhetett légyen
Inf.	(züllhetni)		(züllhetnem)	(züllhetned)	(züllhetnie)	(züllhetnünk)	(züllhetnetek)	(züllhetniük)
Positive adjective			―	Neg. adj.	―	Adv. part.	(züllhetve / züllhetvén)

Derived terms edit

(With verbal prefixes):

References edit

^ züllik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)