gyűlik

Hungarian

Etymology

Probably borrowed from a Chuvash-type Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries)^[1] + -ik.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɟyːlik]
Hyphenation: gyű‧lik
Rhymes: -yːlik

Verb

gyűlik

(intransitive) to gather, assemble
Synonyms: csoportosul, tömörül
(intransitive) to be accumulating, be piling up
Synonym: halmozódik
(intransitive) to fester
Synonym: gennyesedik

Usage notes

This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull (ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *gyűlik*
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	gyűlök	gyűlsz	gyűlik	gyűlünk	gyűltök	gyűlnek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	gyűltem	gyűltél	gyűlt	gyűltünk	gyűltetek	gyűltek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. gyűlni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	gyűlék	gyűlél	gyűle	gyűlénk	gyűlétek	gyűlének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. gyűlik vala, gyűlt vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	gyűlendek	gyűlendesz	gyűlend	gyűlendünk	gyűlendetek	gyűlendenek
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	gyűlnék	gyűlnél	gyűlne	gyűlnénk	gyűlnétek	gyűlnének
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. gyűlt volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	gyűljek	gyűlj or gyűljél	gyűljön	gyűljünk	gyűljetek	gyűljenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. gyűlt légyen

infinitive		gyűlni		gyűlnöm	gyűlnöd	gyűlnie	gyűlnünk	gyűlnötök	gyűlniük
other forms	gyűlés		gyűlő	gyűlt	―	gyűlve (gyűlvén)

Potential conjugation of *gyűlik*
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	gyűlhetek	gyűlhetsz	gyűlhet	gyűlhetünk	gyűlhettek	gyűlhetnek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	gyűlhettem	gyűlhettél	gyűlhetett	gyűlhettünk	gyűlhettetek	gyűlhettek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
archaic preterite		indef.	gyűlheték	gyűlhetél	gyűlhete	gyűlheténk	gyűlhetétek	gyűlhetének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. gyűlhet vala, gyűlhetett vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	gyűlhetendek or gyűlandhatok	gyűlhetendesz or gyűlandhatsz	gyűlhetend or gyűlandhat	gyűlhetendünk or gyűlandhatunk	gyűlhetendetek or gyűlandhattok	gyűlhetendenek or gyűlandhatnak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	gyűlhetnék	gyűlhetnél	gyűlhetne	gyűlhetnénk	gyűlhetnétek	gyűlhetnének
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. gyűlhetett volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	gyűlhessek	gyűlhess or gyűlhessél	gyűlhessen	gyűlhessünk	gyűlhessetek	gyűlhessenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. gyűlhetett légyen

infinitive		(gyűlhetni)		(gyűlhetnem)	(gyűlhetned)	(gyűlhetnie)	(gyűlhetnünk)	(gyűlhetnetek)	(gyűlhetniük)
other forms	―			―		(gyűlhetve / gyűlhetvén)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

References

^ gyűlik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)