Wiktionary

hull

See also: Hull and hüll

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English hul, hulle, holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”).

Compare Dutch hul (“hood”), German Hülle (“cover, wrap”), Hülse (“hull”); also Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).

Noun

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hull (plural hulls)

  1. The outer covering of a fruit or seed.
    Synonyms: peel, husk, shell
  2. Any covering.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Verb

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hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

  1. To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed.
    Synonyms: peel, husk, shell, shuck
    She sat on the back porch hulling peanuts.
Translations
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Etymology 2

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From Middle English holle, hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of Middle English hole, hoole, holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”). More at hole.

Noun

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A diagram of a ship hull (sense 1)

hull (plural hulls)

  2. The body or frame of a vessel, such as a ship or plane.
    Synonym: (of a winged aircraft) fuselage
    • 1627, Iohn Smith [i.e., John Smith], “How to Build a Ship with the Definitions of All the Principall Names of Euery Part of her Principall Timbers, also How They are Fixed One to Another, and the Reasons of Their Vse”, in A Sea Grammar, with the Plaine Exposition of Smiths Accidence for Young Sea-men, Enlarged. […], London: […] Iohn Haviland, →OCLC, page 5:
      VVhen you haue berthed or brought her [the ship] vp to the planks, vvhich are thoſe thicke timbers vvhich goeth fore and aft on each ſide, vvhereon doth lie the beames of the firſt Orlop, vvhich is the firſt floore to ſupport the plankes doth couer the Hovvle, thoſe are great croſſe timbers, that keepes the ſhip ſides aſunder, the maine beame is euer next the maine maſt, […]
    • 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, stanza 60:
      Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, / And through the yielding planks a passage find.
  3. (mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.
    Synonym: span
    The orthogonal convex hull of an orthogonal polygon is the smallest orthogonally convex polygon that encloses the original polygon.
    holomorphically convex hull; affine hull; injective hull
Derived terms
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Translations
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the body or frame of a vessel

Verb

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hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

  1. (obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled.
  2. (transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc.
    • 1774, George Shelvocke, “The Voyage of Captain Shelvock Round the World”, in David Henry, editor, An Historical Account of All the Voyages Round the World, Performed by English Navigators‎[2], volume 2, London: F. Newbery, page 163:
      During this action, we had not a man killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled us, and once, in particular, a shot coming into one of our ports, dismounted one of our guns between decks […]

Estonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *hullu. Cognate to Finnish hullu and Livonian ull.

Adjective

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hull (genitive hullu, partitive hullu, comparative hullem, superlative kõige hullem)

  1. crazy, mad

Declension

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Declension of hull (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation)
singular plural
nominative hull hullud
accusative nom.
gen. hullu
genitive hullude
partitive hullu hulle
hullusid
illative hullu
hullusse 		hulludesse
hullesse
inessive hullus hulludes
hulles
elative hullust hulludest
hullest
allative hullule hulludele
hullele
adessive hullul hulludel
hullel
ablative hullult hulludelt
hullelt
translative hulluks hulludeks
hulleks
terminative hulluni hulludeni
essive hulluna hulludena
abessive hulluta hulludeta
comitative hulluga hulludega

Hungarian

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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hull

  1. (intransitive) to fall
    Synonym: esik
    Hull a hó. ― It's snowing. (literally, “The snow is falling.”)
    térdre hull ― to fall on one's knees
  2. (intransitive, of tears) to flow
  3. (intransitive, of hair) to fall out
  4. (intransitive) to die (in large quantities)
    Hullanak, mint a legyek. ― They are dying off like flies.

Usage notes

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Conjugation

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Conjugation of hull
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. hullok hullasz hull hullunk hullotok hullanak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. hullottam hullottál hullott hullottunk hullottatok hullottak
def. ―
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hullani fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. hullék hullál hulla hullánk hullátok hullának
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hull vala, hullott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. hullandok hullandasz hulland hullandunk hullandotok hullandanak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. hullanék hullanál hullana hullanánk hullanátok hullanának
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. hulljak hullj or
hulljál 		hulljon hulljunk hulljatok hulljanak
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hullott légyen
infinitive hullani hullanom hullanod hullania hullanunk hullanotok hullaniuk
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
hullás hulló hullott ― hullva (hullván)
Potential conjugation of hull
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. hullhatok hullhatsz hullhat hullhatunk hullhattok hullhatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. hullhattam hullhattál hullhatott hullhattunk hullhattatok hullhattak
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic
preterite 		indef. hullhaték hullhatál hullhata hullhatánk hullhatátok hullhatának
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hullhat vala, hullhatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. hullhatandok
or hullandhatok 		hullhatandasz
or hullandhatsz 		hullhatand
or hullandhat 		hullhatandunk
or hullandhatunk 		hullhatandotok
or hullandhattok 		hullhatandanak
or hullandhatnak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. hullhatnék hullhatnál hullhatna hullhatnánk hullhatnátok hullhatnának
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullhatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. hullhassak hullhass or
hullhassál 		hullhasson hullhassunk hullhassatok hullhassanak
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hullhatott légyen
infinitive (hullhatni) (hullhatnom) (hullhatnod) (hullhatnia) (hullhatnunk) (hullhatnotok) (hullhatniuk)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
― ― (hullhatva / hullhatván)

In archaic or literary style, the short forms (with no linking vowel) are (were) common in the past tense, as well as in the present-tense conditional (even if it is long otherwise):

Conjugation of hull
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. hullok hullsz hull hullunk hulltok hullnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. hulltam hulltál hullt hulltunk hulltatok hulltak
def. ―
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hullni fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. hullék hullál hulla hullánk hullátok hullának
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hull vala, hullt vala/volt.
archaic future indef. hullandok hullandasz hulland hullandunk hullandotok hullandanak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. hullnék hullnál hullna hullnánk hullnátok hullnának
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullt volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. hulljak hullj or
hulljál 		hulljon hulljunk hulljatok hulljanak
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hullt légyen
infinitive hullni hullnom hullnod hullnia hullnunk hullnotok hullniuk
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
hullás hulló hullt ― hullva (hullván)
Potential conjugation of hull
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. hullhatok hullhatsz hullhat hullhatunk hullhattok hullhatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. hullhattam hullhattál hullhatott hullhattunk hullhattatok hullhattak
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic
preterite 		indef. hullhaték hullhatál hullhata hullhatánk hullhatátok hullhatának
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hullhat vala, hullhatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. hullhatandok
or hullandhatok 		hullhatandasz
or hullandhatsz 		hullhatand
or hullandhat 		hullhatandunk
or hullandhatunk 		hullhatandotok
or hullandhattok 		hullhatandanak
or hullandhatnak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. hullhatnék hullhatnál hullhatna hullhatnánk hullhatnátok hullhatnának
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullhatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. hullhassak hullhass or
hullhassál 		hullhasson hullhassunk hullhassatok hullhassanak
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hullhatott légyen
infinitive (hullhatni) (hullhatnom) (hullhatnod) (hullhatnia) (hullhatnunk) (hullhatnotok) (hullhatniuk)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
― ― (hullhatva / hullhatván)

Derived terms

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(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

Further reading

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  • hull in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Norse hól, probably through Danish hul. Compare to English hole

Alternative forms

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Noun

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hull n (definite singular hullet, indefinite plural hull or huller, definite plural hulla or hullene)

  1. a hole
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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hull

  1. imperative of hulle

See also

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References

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Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Swedish huld, from Proto-Norse *ᚺᛟᛚᛞᚨ (*holda), from Proto-Germanic *huldą.

Noun

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hull n

  1. soft, superficial flesh (fat and muscle)
    nypa någon i hullet
    pinch someone's belly (for example)
    lägga på hullet
    get fatter ("lay on the flesh")
    fast/lös i hullet
    firm/loose in the flesh

Declension

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Declension of hull
nominative genitive
singular indefinite hull hulls
definite hullet hullets
plural indefinite — —
definite — —

Derived terms

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References

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