-ek
BasqueEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-ek
- Ergative plural suffix.
- Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte. ― The dogs have eaten the cats.
DeclensionEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From -e- (epenthetic vowel) + -k (ergative suffix).
SuffixEdit
-ek
- Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix)
DeclensionEdit
BretonEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ek
- Adjectival suffix
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
CornishEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ek
- Adjectival suffix
Derived termsEdit
CzechEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
SuffixEdit
-ek m
- forms masculine diminutive nouns
DeclensionEdit
inanimate declension:
animate declension:
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- -ek in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
-e- (linking vowel) + -k (plural suffix)
SuffixEdit
-ek
Usage notesEdit
- (plural suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
- The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
- If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).
Etymology 2Edit
-e- (linking vowel) + -k (personal suffix)
SuffixEdit
-ek
- (personal suffix) Used to form the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notesEdit
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix) Variants:
See alsoEdit
Northern KurdishEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ek (Arabic spelling ـەک)
PolishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ek m
- masculine diminutive noun suffix
DeclensionEdit
Masculine personal:
Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.
Masculine animate:
Masculine inanimate:
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- -ś (forming nicknames)
Further readingEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
SuffixEdit
-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
- Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.
See alsoEdit
SuffixEdit
-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
- (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.
TurkishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Ottoman Turkish ـك (-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ek
- Creates nouns out of verbs.
Derived termsEdit
Yup'ikEdit
SuffixEdit
-ek
Usage notesEdit
A historical merger of ablative and modalis (instrumental). It performs a wide range of adverbial and syntactic functions.[1]