See also: ek, ek-, ék, -ék, Ek, EK, and ÉK

BasqueEdit

Etymology 1Edit

SuffixEdit

-ek

  1. Ergative plural suffix.
    Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte.The dogs have eaten the cats.
DeclensionEdit
Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -k, -ek -ak -ek
dative -ri, -i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -ren, -en -aren -en -on
comitative -rekin, -ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -rengatik, -engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -rentzat, -entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -z, -ez -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -rengan, -engan -arengan -engan -oengan
inanim. -tan, -etan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
inanim. -tako, -etako -ko, -eko -etako -otako
allative anim. -rengana, -engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -tara, -etara -ra, -era -etara -otara
terminative anim. -renganaino, -enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -taraino, -etaraino -raino, -eraino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -renganantz, -enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -tarantz, -etarantz -rantz, -erantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -renganako, -enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -tarako, -etarako -rako, -erako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -rengandik, -engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -tatik, -etatik -tik, -etik -etik -otik
partitive -rik, -ik
prolative -tzat
The forms shown first are used when the ending is a vowel, the ones after the comma when it is a consonant.

Etymology 2Edit

From -e- (epenthetic vowel) +‎ -k (ergative suffix).

SuffixEdit

-ek

  1. Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix)
DeclensionEdit
Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -k, -ek -ak -ek
dative -ri, -i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -ren, -en -aren -en -on
comitative -rekin, -ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -rengatik, -engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -rentzat, -entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -z, -ez -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -rengan, -engan -arengan -engan -oengan
inanim. -tan, -etan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
inanim. -tako, -etako -ko, -eko -etako -otako
allative anim. -rengana, -engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -tara, -etara -ra, -era -etara -otara
terminative anim. -renganaino, -enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -taraino, -etaraino -raino, -eraino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -renganantz, -enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -tarantz, -etarantz -rantz, -erantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -renganako, -enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -tarako, -etarako -rako, -erako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -rengandik, -engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -tatik, -etatik -tik, -etik -etik -otik
partitive -rik, -ik
prolative -tzat
The forms shown first are used when the ending is a vowel, the ones after the comma when it is a consonant.

BretonEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-ek

  1. Adjectival suffix
    douar (earth) + ‎-ek → ‎douarek (earthy, earthly)
    dour (water) + ‎-ek → ‎dourek (watery, humid)
    houarn (iron) + ‎-ek → ‎houarnek (ferrous)

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

CornishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): [-ɛk]
  • (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): [-ɐk]

SuffixEdit

-ek

  1. Adjectival suffix
    mor (sea) + ‎-ek → ‎morek (maritime)
    spern (thorn bushes) + ‎-ek → ‎spernek (thorny)
    Frynk (France) + ‎-ek → ‎frynkek (French)

Derived termsEdit

CzechEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

SuffixEdit

-ek m

  1. forms masculine diminutive nouns
    stůl + ‎-ek → ‎stolek

DeclensionEdit

inanimate declension:

animate declension:

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • -ek in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

HungarianEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

-e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (plural suffix)

SuffixEdit

-ek

  1. (plural suffix) -s, -es
    kert (garden)kertek (gardens)
Usage notesEdit
  • (plural suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    (woman) →‎ k (women)
    fa (tree) →‎ k (trees)
    csésze (cup) →‎ csészék (cups)
    -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ház (house) →‎ házak (houses)
    -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    pad (bench) →‎ padok (benches)
    -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    kert (garden) →‎ kertek (gardens)
    könyv (book) →‎ könyvek (books)
    -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    kör (circle) →‎ körök (circles)
  • Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (three books), néhány óra múlva (in a few hours’ time). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (the Three Magi), mindenszentek (All Saints), and certain archaic phrases with összes (all) and minden (every) (see their Usage notes).
  • The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (smart/clever ones). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (Italians), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (green ones), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
  • If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (players, noun) and játékosak (playful, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (acquaintances, noun) and ismerősek (familiar, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

Etymology 2Edit

-e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (personal suffix)

SuffixEdit

-ek

  1. (personal suffix) Used to form the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    kér (to ask)kérek (I ask, I am asking)
Usage notesEdit
  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -ok is added to back-vowel verbs
    -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
    -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
    -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs
    -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs
    -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

See alsoEdit

Northern KurdishEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-ek (Arabic spelling ـەک‎)

  1. (affixed to words ending in a consonant) Alternative form of -yek (a, an (indefinite article))

PolishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ɛk/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛk
  • Syllabification: ek

SuffixEdit

-ek m

  1. masculine diminutive noun suffix
    dół + ‎-ek → ‎dołek
    Jarosław + ‎-ek → ‎Jarek

DeclensionEdit

Masculine personal:

Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.

Masculine animate:

Masculine inanimate:

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

  • (forming nicknames)

Further readingEdit

  • -ek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • -ek in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-CroatianEdit

SuffixEdit

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

  1. Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.

See alsoEdit

SuffixEdit

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

  1. (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.

TurkishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ottoman Turkish ـك(-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-ek

  1. Creates nouns out of verbs.

Derived termsEdit

Yup'ikEdit

SuffixEdit

-ek

  1. ablative-modalis case ending

Usage notesEdit

A historical merger of ablative and modalis (instrumental). It performs a wide range of adverbial and syntactic functions.[1]

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Miyaoka, Osahito (2012) A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY) (in English), Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 750