ní
Bassa
editPronunciation
editNoun
editní
References
edit- Bassa-English Dictionary
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Cogui
editNoun
editní
References
edit- Grace Hensarli, The function of -ki 'switch' in Kogi
Czech
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editní
Dakota
editVerb
editní
Irish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Irish ní (“something”, n of nech) conflated with a reanalysis of Old Irish aní (“that which”) as an ní (“the thing”).[1][2]
Alternative forms
editNoun
editní m (genitive singular ní, nominative plural nithe or neathanna)
- thing
- Synonym: rud
- object
- which (referring back to a clause) (followed by a relative clause)
- 1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 194:
- Do bhíodar sé mhí gan fille, agus nuair a chonaic Máire an t-árthach ag teacht chun cuain, bhí sceitimíní ar a croidhe le lúthgháir agus le h-áthas, ní nárbh’ iongnadh.
- They were [away] six months without returning, and when Máire saw the vessel coming to port, her heart had raptures of gladness and joy, which was not surprising.
- (literally, “(…), a thing that was not surprising.”)
Declension
edit
Bare forms
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Alternative plural: neathanna
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editAlternative forms
editNoun
editní f (genitive singular nite)
Verb
editní
Etymology 3
editAlternative forms
edit- cha (Ulster)
- níor (used in the past tense with regular and some irregular verbs, also the past/conditional copular form)
Particle
editní[7]
- not (preverbal particle)
- Ní thuigim. ― I do not understand.
- Ní dheachaigh mé ansin. ― I did not go there.
- Ní bhfaighidh siad é. ― They will not find it.
- not (present copular form)
- Ní críonnacht creagaireacht. ― Miserliness is not thrift.
- Ní hionann iad. ― They are not the same.
- An gloine é? Ní hea. ― Is it glass? No.
Usage notes
editThe preverbal particle triggers lenition of a following consonant. It is not used in the past tense except for some irregular verbs. It takes the dependent form of irregular verbs. The copular form triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel.
See also
editSimple copular forms
|
Compound copular forms
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
v Used before vowel sounds |
Etymology 4
edit
Verb
editní
- Alternative spelling of ghní
References
edit- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ní ‘anything’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ní ‘a thing’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “níḋ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 518
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nige”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “niġe”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 519
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 ní ‘not’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ní ‘not’”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 517
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ní”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ní”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “ní”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Lakota
editAdjective
editní
Mandarin
editAlternative forms
editRomanization
edit- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 倪
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呢
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 坭
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 埿
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 妫
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 婗
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 尼
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 屔
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 怩
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 泥
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 淣
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 狋
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 猊
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 秜
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 籾
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 臡/𰯋
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蚭
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蜺
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 觬
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 貎
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 跜
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 輗/𫐐
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 郳
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鈦/钛
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 霓
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鯓
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鯢/鲵
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 麑
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 齯/𫠜
Middle Irish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Irish ní, from Proto-Celtic *nīs (compare Welsh ni), from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”) (compare Sanskrit न (na), Latin ne, Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni)).
Particle
editní
- not
- c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 15:
- Mani·tucad immurgu ní din chéttadall ni·bered a n-aill.
- If, however, he did not take anything at (literally “from”) his first thrust, he did not bring the second.
Descendants
edit- Irish: ní
Verb
editní
Etymology 2
editPronoun
editní
- something, anything
- c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 15:
- Mani·tucad immurgu ní din chéttadall ni·bered a n-aill.
- If, however, he did not take anything at (literally “from”) his first thrust, he did not bring the second.
Navajo
editEtymology
editdi- (“oral”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Verb
editní
Usage notes
editThis verb is frequently used for quoted speech. To introduce quoted speech, just add the prefix á- (“thus”) to any of the forms of the verb. This modifies the meaning to something like "to say as follows" or "to say thus":
- Asdzą́ą́ ání, Beeʼeldííl Dahsinilgóó deekai, ní. — That woman says, “we are going to Albuquerque,” she says.
This is a neuter verb that uses only the imperfective mode. Other modes are suppleted by the active verb niih, reproduced below for convenience.
Conjugation
editParadigm: Neuter imperfective (∅), with some irregularities.
NEUTER IMP | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | dishní | diiʼní | dadiiʼní |
2nd person | diní | dohní | dadohní |
3rd person | ní | daaní | |
4th person | jiní | dajiní |
PERFECTIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | dííniid | diiʼniid | dadiiʼniid |
2nd person | dííníniid | dooniid | dadooniid |
3rd person | dííniid | dadííniid | |
4th person | jidííniid | dazhdííniid |
FUTURE | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | dideeshniił | didiiʼniił | dadidiiʼniił |
2nd person | didííniił | didoohniił | dadidoohniił |
3rd person | didooniił | dadidooniił | |
4th person | dizhdooniił | dazhdidooniił |
ITERATIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | ńdíshʼniih | ńdiiʼniih | ńdadiiʼniih |
2nd person | ńdíʼniih | ńdóhʼniih | ńdadohʼniih |
3rd person | ńdíʼniih | ńdadiʼniih | |
4th person | nízhdíʼniih | ńdazhdiʼniih |
OPTATIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | dóshneʼ | dooʼneʼ | dadooʼneʼ |
2nd person | dóóneʼ | doohneʼ | dadoohneʼ́ |
3rd person | dóneʼ | dadóneʼ | |
4th person | jidóneʼ | dazhdóneʼ |
See also
editOld Irish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Celtic *nīs (compare Welsh ni), from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”) (compare Sanskrit न (na), Latin ne, Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni)).
Particle
editní
Usage notes
editFollowed by the dependent form of the verb, which (in Old Irish) is not subjected to nasalization or lenition mutation unless a direct object pronoun is implied. Compare:
- Ní ben inna firu ― He does not strike the men
- Ní creti a scél ― He does not believe the story
- Here the b of ben and the c of creti are unmutated.
- Ní mben ― He does not strike him
- Ní creti ― He does not believe him
- Here the b of ben and the c of creti are nasalized to mb and /ɡ/ respectively.
- Ní ben ― He does not strike it
- Ní chreti ― He does not believe it
- Here the b of ben and the c of creti are lenited to /β/ and ch respectively.
In Middle Irish increasingly, and in Modern Irish always, ní lenites the following verb.
Descendants
editVerb
editní
- is not, isn’t
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 12c29
- Ní ar formut frib-si as·biur-sa inso.
- It is not because of envy towards you that I say this.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 20c25
- Níta chumme-se friusom.
- I am not like them.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23d23
- Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.
- Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 12c29
Conjugation
editSee relevant rows at Appendix:Old Irish conjugation of is.
Etymology 2
editPronoun
editní
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ní.
Declension
editCase | Animate | Neuter |
---|---|---|
Nominative | nech | ní |
Accusative | nech | |
Genitive | neich | |
Dative | neuch, neoch |
Alternative forms
editDerived terms
editMutation
editOld Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ní also nní after a proclitic ending in a vowel |
ní pronounced with /n(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Rawang
editPronunciation
editNumeral
editní
- two.
Synonyms
edit- Bassa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bassa lemmas
- Bassa nouns
- bsq:Water
- Cogui lemmas
- Cogui nouns
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech non-lemma forms
- Czech pronoun forms
- Dakota lemmas
- Dakota verbs
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish masculine nouns
- Irish terms with quotations
- Irish fourth-declension nouns
- Irish feminine nouns
- Irish verbal nouns
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish verb forms
- Irish particles
- Irish negative particles
- Irish terms with usage examples
- Lakota lemmas
- Lakota adjectives
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Middle Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Irish lemmas
- Middle Irish particles
- Middle Irish terms with quotations
- Middle Irish verbs
- Middle Irish pronouns
- Middle Irish indefinite pronouns
- Navajo terms prefixed with di-
- Navajo terms prefixed with ∅- (classifier)
- Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (say)
- Navajo terms with audio links
- Navajo lemmas
- Navajo verbs
- Navajo terms with usage examples
- Navajo irregular verbs
- Navajo verbs in the neuter imperfective (∅) aspect
- nv:Talking
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish particles
- Old Irish negative particles
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish terms with usage examples
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish pronouns
- Old Irish indefinite pronouns
- Rawang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rawang lemmas
- Rawang numerals