姪

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

姪 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女一戈土 (VMIG), four-corner 4141₄, composition ⿰女至)

Derived charactersEdit

𭉐

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 260, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6226
Dae Jaweon: page 526, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1043, character 11
Unihan data for U+59EA

ChineseEdit

trad.		姪/侄
simp.		侄
alternative forms		妷／侄㜼𡥺

Wikipedia has an article on:

姪

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (至) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
致	*tiɡs
輊	*tiɡs
駤	*tiɡs
跮	tʰiɡs, tʰiɡ
荎	di, diːɡ
緻	*diɡs
至	*tjiɡs
鵄	*tʰji
胵	*tʰji
痓	*tʰjiɡs
咥	hriɡs, tiːɡ, diːɡ, tʰiɡ
窒	tiːɡ, tiɡ
蛭	tiːɡ, tiɡ, *tjiɡ
垤	*diːɡ
耋	*diːɡ
姪	diːɡ, diɡ
絰	*diːɡ
恎	*diːɡ
挃	*tiɡ
庢	*tiɡ
銍	tiɡ, tjiɡ
秷	*tiɡ
螲	*tiɡ
侄	diɡ, tjiɡ
桎	*tjiɡ
郅	*tjiɡ
晊	*tjiɡ
室	*hliɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *diːɡ, *diɡ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-ləj (“grandchild; nephew”) + *-t (“nominalizing final”). Cognate with Burmese မြေး (mre:, “grandchild”).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhí (zhi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˊ

(Chengdu, SP): zi²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җы (žɨ, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zat⁶, zat^6-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zit⁵, zit^5*
Gan (Wiktionary): ciit⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): ced⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): zeh⁵
Min Bei (KCR): dĭ
Min Dong (BUC): dĭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ti̍t / chi̍t / chit

(Teochew, Peng'im): diag⁸ / diêg⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): ⁵zeq
Xiang (Wiktionary): zhr⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
  - Wade–Giles: chih²
  - Yale: jŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (姪兒／侄儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhír
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhr
  - Wade–Giles: chih²-ʼrh
  - Yale: jír
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jerl
  - Palladius: чжир (čžir)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ɻ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җы (žɨ, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zat⁶, zat^6-2
  - Yale: jaht, ját
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁹, dzat^9-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: zed⁶, zed^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚²/, /t͡sɐt̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zit⁵, zit^5*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sit̚³²/, /t͡sit̚³²⁻³²⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ciit⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɨt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ciid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ced⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zeh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dit
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tit̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t
  - Tâi-lô: tsi̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cit
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕit̚³²/

Note:

Taiwan:
- ti̍t - vernacular;
- chit - literary.

(Teochew)

Peng'im: diag⁸ / diêg⁸
Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tia̍k / tie̍k
Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiak̚⁴/, /tiek̚⁴/

Note:

diag8 - Shantou;
diêg8 - Chaozhou.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ⁵zeq
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̥əʔ¹²/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: zhr⁶
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sz̩²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 姪
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sz̩³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/zəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɨʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰət̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐt̚²/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tit̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ti²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tiak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡sit̚³/

Middle Chinese: /ɖˠiɪt̚/, /det̚/

Rime
Character	姪	姪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	眞 (49)	先 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	直一切	徒結切
Baxter	drit	det
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiɪt̚/	/det̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚit̚/	/det̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiet̚/	/dɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjit̚/	/dɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ȡjĕt̚/	/det̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭĕt̚/	/diet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ĕt̚/	/dʱiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhí	dié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zat⁶	dit⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*diːɡ/, /*diɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姪	姪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17352	17367
Phonetic component	至	至
Rime group	質	質
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	姪	秩
Old Chinese	/*diːɡ/	/*diɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

姪

fraternal nephew or niece (originally only of a woman, but also of a man after the Jìn dynasty)
child of a (male) friend in the same generation
Used to call oneself before someone in one's father's generation.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 姪子 (“fraternal nephew”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		姪子
Mandarin	Beijing	姪兒, 姪子
	Taiwan	姪子, 姪兒
	Bayanhot	姪兒子
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	姪子, 姪兒
	Harbin	姪兒, 姪子
	Shenyang	姪兒
	Yantai (Muping)	姪兒
	Jinan	姪子, 姪兒
	Luoyang	姪子
	Wanrong	姪兒
	Zhengzhou	姪兒
	Xi'an	姪兒
	Yinchuan	姪兒子
	Lanzhou	姪兒子
	Xining	姪兒
	Ürümqi	姪兒子, 姪子
	Wuhan	姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子伢, 姪子
	Chengdu	姪兒子, 姪兒
	Guiyang	姪兒子
	Kunming	姪兒子
	Liuzhou	姪崽
	Xuzhou	姪兒, 姪子
	Yangzhou	姪子
	Nanjing	姪子
	Hefei	姪兒, 姪子
	Singapore	姪兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	姪兒子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	姪, 姪仔
	Hong Kong	姪, 姪仔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	姪
	Macau	姪子
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	姪
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	姪
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	姪
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	姪
	Foshan	姪
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	姪
	Foshan (Shunde)	姪
	Foshan (Sanshui)	姪
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	姪
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	姪子
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	姪子
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	姪
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	姪
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	姪
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	姪
	Taishan	姪仔, 姪
	Enping (Niujiang)	姪仔
	Heshan (Yayao)	姪
	Dongguan	姪
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	姪
	Yangjiang	阿姪
	Nanning	姪仔
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	姪仔
Gan	Nanchang	姪子
	Lichuan	姪子, 姪崽
	Pingxiang	姪子
Hakka	Meixian	姪仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿姪
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	姪仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	阿姪
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	姪子
	Conghua (Lütian)	姪子
	Changting	姪哩
	Wuping	姪子
	Ninghua	孫哩, 姪哩
	Yudu	姪子, 老姪
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	姪仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	姪仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	姪仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	姪
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	姪仔, 姪
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	姪子, 孫仔
	Hong Kong	姪子
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	姪
	Senai (Huiyang)	姪兒
Huizhou	Jixi	姪仂
Jin	Taiyuan	姪兒子
	Xinzhou	姪兒子
	Hohhot	姪兒子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	孫仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	姪, 孫
	Changle	孫
	Fuqing	孫, 姪
	Yongtai	孫囝
	Gutian	孫
	Fu'an	孫
	Ningde	孫囝
	Shouning	孫囝
	Zhouning	孫
	Fuding	孫囝
Min Nan	Xiamen	姪仔, 孫仔
	Quanzhou	孫仔
	Zhangzhou	孫仔
	Taipei	姪仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	姪仔
	Kaohsiung	姪仔, 孫仔
	Yilan	姪仔, 孫仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	姪仔, 孫仔
	Taichung	姪仔, 孫仔
	Tainan	叔孫仔, 姪仔, 孫仔
	Hsinchu	孫仔
	Kinmen	姪仔, 孫仔
	Penghu (Magong)	姪仔, 孫仔
	Penang (Hokkien)	孫仔, 叔孫
	Singapore (Hokkien)	孫仔, 孫
	Manila (Hokkien)	姪仔
	Longyan	孫仔
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	姪仔
	Chaozhou	逗孫
	Jieyang	逗孫
	Haifeng	姪, 孫仔
	Bangkok (Teochew)	孫, 姪
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	孫
	Leizhou	孫
	Haikou	姪子
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	姪子
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	姪子
Wu	Shanghai	阿姪, 姪子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	阿姪
	Suzhou	阿姪, 姪兒子
	Danyang	姪子
	Hangzhou	姪兒
	Ningbo	阿姪
	Wenzhou	阿姪
	Jinhua	姪兒
Xiang	Changsha	姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子
	Loudi	姪兒子
	Shuangfeng	姪佬, 姪兒子
	Quanzhou	姪崽