致

See also: 緻

致	U+81F4, 致 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81F4

← 至
[U+81F3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

臵 →
[U+81F5]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

致 (radical 133, 至+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一土人大 (MGOK), four-corner 1814₀, composition ⿰至攵 or (T)⿰至夂)

Derived charactersEdit

𠊷𡟹㨖㴛㮹緻䞃𡍶𦳙䦯

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1001, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30149
Dae Jaweon: page 1458, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2815, character 6
Unihan data for U+81F4

ChineseEdit

trad.		致
simp. ^#		致

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 致
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (至) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
致	*tiɡs
輊	*tiɡs
駤	*tiɡs
跮	tʰiɡs, tʰiɡ
荎	di, diːɡ
緻	*diɡs
至	*tjiɡs
鵄	*tʰji
胵	*tʰji
痓	*tʰjiɡs
咥	hriɡs, tiːɡ, diːɡ, tʰiɡ
窒	tiːɡ, tiɡ
蛭	tiːɡ, tiɡ, *tjiɡ
垤	*diːɡ
耋	*diːɡ
姪	diːɡ, diɡ
絰	*diːɡ
恎	*diːɡ
挃	*tiɡ
庢	*tiɡ
銍	tiɡ, tjiɡ
秷	*tiɡ
螲	*tiɡ
侄	diɡ, tjiɡ
桎	*tjiɡ
郅	*tjiɡ
晊	*tjiɡ
室	*hliɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tiɡs): phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs) + semantic 攵.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ
Min Dong (BUC): té
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tì

(Teochew, Peng'im): di³
Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi³
  - Yale: ji
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: té
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛi²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì
  - Tâi-lô: tì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ti²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: di³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsr (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ʈˠiɪ^H/

Rime
Character	致
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	陟利切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈji^H/
Li Rong	/ȶji^H/
Wang Li	/ȶi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>i[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tiɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	致
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*t<r>i[t]-s/
English	(cause to arrive): transmit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	致
Reading #	1/1
No.	17336
Phonetic component	至
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	致
Old Chinese	/*tiɡs/

DefinitionsEdit

致

to send; to deliver; to present
to cause; to result in
致癌 ― zhì'ái ― to cause cancer

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 致

一致 (yīzhì)
一致性 (yīzhìxìng)
一致百慮／一致百虑
不一致 (bùyīzhì)
不致 (bùzhì)
不致於／不致于 (bùzhìyú)
二致
以冰致蠅／以冰致蝇
以致 (yǐzhì)
以貍致鼠／以狸致鼠
任重致遠／任重致远
休致 (xiūzhì)
佳致
做張做致／做张做致
凹凸有致 (āotūyǒuzhì)
別致／别致 (biézhì)
別致有趣／别致有趣
功致
同致
和氣致祥／和气致祥
圖財致命／图财致命
坐致
大致 (dàzhì)
大致上 (dàzhìshang)
大致說來／大致说来
學以致用／学以致用 (xuéyǐzhìyòng)
專心致志／专心致志 (zhuānxīnzhìzhì)
導致／导致 (dǎozhì)
工致
引致 (yǐnzhì)
張致／张致
形容盡致／形容尽致
思致
情致 (qíngzhì)
懸車致仕／悬车致仕
招致 (zhāozhì)
推心致腹
文致
景致 (jǐngzhì)
曲致
林下風致／林下风致
格物致知
格致 (gézhì)
極致／极致 (jízhì)
標標致致／标标致致

標致／标致
殊塗一致／殊涂一致
殊塗同致／殊涂同致
殊方同致
殊致
殊致同歸／殊致同归
殺敵致果／杀敌致果
毫無二致／毫无二致
沒張沒致／没张没致
淋漓盡致／淋漓尽致 (línlíjìnzhì)
澄澹精致
獲致／获致 (huòzhì)
理致 (lǐzhì)
生芻致祭／生刍致祭
百慮一致／百虑一致
直致
筆致／笔致
經世致用／经世致用
縹致／缥致
羅致／罗致 (luózhì)
臨危致命／临危致命
致亂／致乱 (zhìluàn)
致仕 (zhìshì)
致使 (zhìshǐ)
致使動詞／致使动词
致函
致力 (zhìlì)
致勝／致胜
致命 (zhìmìng)
致命傷／致命伤 (zhìmìngshāng)
致哀
致密 (zhìmì)
致富 (zhìfù)
致師／致师
致志
致思
致意 (zhìyì)
致政
致敬 (zhìjìng)
致書／致书 (zhìshū)
致歉 (zhìqiàn)
致死 (zhìsǐ)
致獲／致获
致用
致疑

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 致 – see 緻 (“delicate; fine”). (This character, 致, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 緻.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

ReferencesEdit

“致”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

致

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to do

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kun: いたす (itasu, 致す, Jōyō)
Nanori: とも (tomo); むね (mune); ゆき (yuki)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

致 (eumhun 이를 치 (ireul chi))

Hanja form^? of 치 (“to reach; to result in”).

CompoundsEdit

일치 (一致, ilchi, “agreement”)

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

致: Hán Nôm readings: trí

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.