役

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

役 (radical 60, 彳+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹人竹弓水 (HOHNE), four-corner 2724₇, composition ⿰彳殳)

Derived charactersEdit

垼䓈

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 365, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10057
Dae Jaweon: page 685, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 814, character 23
Unihan data for U+5F79

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		役

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 役
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (役) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
椺	ɦmluːʔ, ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ
役	*ɢʷeɡ
疫	*ɢʷeɡ
垼	*ɢʷeɡ
炈	*ɢʷeɡ
鈠	*ɢʷeɡ
豛	*ɢʷeɡ
坄	doː, leɡ

EtymologyEdit

From 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to do”) with k-extension (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

(Chengdu, SP): yuo²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): jik⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): vet⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): yt⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yi̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): yid⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): ieh⁴
Min Bei (KCR): ià / ĭ
Min Dong (BUC): ĭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ia̍h / e̍k / ia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiah⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): hhioq (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): y⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yo²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jik⁶
  - Yale: yihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: vet⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vet̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: yt⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ià / ĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia⁴²/, /i²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iah
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iaʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/

Note: ia̍h - vernacular, e̍k/ia̍k - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiah⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaʔ⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhioq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi̯ʊʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: y⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 役
Mandarin	Beijing	/i⁵¹/
	Harbin	/i⁵³/
	Tianjin	/i⁵³/
	Jinan	/i²¹/
	Qingdao	/i⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/i⁴²/
	Xi'an	/i²⁴/
	Xining	/ji²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/i¹³/
	Lanzhou	/i⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/i²¹³/
	Wuhan	/y²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yo³¹/
	Guiyang	/iu²¹/
	Kunming	/i³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/yəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/yʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/i⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦioʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/yʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/y²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/y²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/yʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/it̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jek̚²/
	Nanning	/jek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jik̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ik̚⁵/ /iaʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/iʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/i²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiaʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ia³³/ /zi³⁵/ 俗

Middle Chinese: /jwiᴇk̚/

Rime
Character	役
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	昔 (124)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	營隻切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jwiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iuæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iuɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭwɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷek/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷeɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	役
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ywek ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷek/
English	war expedition; service
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.