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源

See also: 厵
源 U+6E90, 源
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E90
← 溏
[U+6E8F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 溑 →
[U+6E91]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

源 (radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水一竹火 (EMHF), four-corner 31196, composition ⿰氵原)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 639, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17926
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1697, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6E90

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 源
variant forms 厵
沅 (second-round simplified)

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (原) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
羱 *ŋʷaːn, *ŋʷan
豲 *ɦŋʷaːn
謜 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *ŋʷan
縓 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *sŋ̊ʰʷans
原 *ŋʷan
源 *ŋʷan
厵 *ŋʷan
嫄 *ŋʷan
騵 *ŋʷan
榞 *ŋʷan
獂 *ŋʷan
蒝 *ŋʷan
願 *ŋʷans
傆 *ŋʷans
愿 *ŋʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋʷan) and ideogrammic compound (會意): semantic 水 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 原 (OC *ŋʷan, “origin”).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • nguang5 - Shantou;
  • nguêng5 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 源
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 愚袁切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋʉɐn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋʷiɐn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiuɐn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋuan/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiuɐn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭwɐn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯wɐn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuán
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 源
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yuán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjwon ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-ɢʷar/
    English spring, source

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 源
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16187
    Phonetic
    component         		原
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		元
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋʷan/
    Notes 原之轉註字

    DefinitionsEdit

    源

    1. source of a river; headwaters; headspring; fountainhead
    2. source; origin; root
    3. A surname​.

    SynonymsEdit

    • (source of a river): 水源 (shuǐyuán)
    • (source):
    Synonyms of 源

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 源

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    源

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    源
    みなもと
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Derived from 水 (mi, “water”, combining form) +‎ な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle) +‎ 元, 本 (moto, “origin, source”).[1][2]

    Vovin believes that the na in the initial mina- element is not a genitive particle, but rather actually meant "water", contending that the mi was instead the honorific prefix 御 (mi-).[3]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    源 (hiragana みなもと, rōmaji minamoto)

    1. a fountainhead (source of a river)
      Synonym: 水源 (suigen)
    2. a source, origin
      Synonyms: 起源 (kigen), 根源 (kongen), 本源 (hongen)

    Proper nounEdit

    源 (hiragana みなもと, rōmaji Minamoto)

    1. a surname, especially those who are descendants of Emperor Saga

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    源
    げん
    Grade: 6
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 源 (MC ŋʉɐn).

    NounEdit

    源 (hiragana げん, rōmaji gen)

    1. source, origin

    AffixEdit

    源 (hiragana げん, rōmaji gen)

    1. fountainhead
    2. source, origin
    3. Short for 源氏 (Genji): the Minamoto clan
    Derived termsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2012,) Man'yoshu, Book 14: A New English Translation Containing the Original Text, Kana Transliteration, Romanization, Glossing and Commentary, Brill, page 57

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    源 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

    1. a spring
    2. source

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    源 (nguồn, nguyên, ngùn)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    ReferencesEdit

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