瓦
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
瓦 (Kangxi radical 98, 瓦+0, 5 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 4 strokes in mainland China, 5 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 一女弓戈 (MVNI), four-corner 10717, composition ⿵⿸⿱一𠄌㇈丶(G) or ⿵⿸⿱丅㇀㇈丶(HTJKV))
- Kangxi radical #98, ⽡.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/瓦
- 佤, 咓, 㧚, 𭯽, 𣐎, 珁, 𥘳, 㽍, 砙, 𮕰, 𡨍, 𦍭, 缻, 𮗩, 𧧀, 𨀄, 𨠛, 𨥯, 𩐛, 䰛, 𩶏, 𤁦, 齀
- 邷, 𦓓, 𩿺(𬸁), 𡊝, 𡧗, 𭖋, 𦭈, 𥥟, 𨋐, 旊, 𢦭, 𠩅, 𢋩
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 747, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21438
- Dae Jaweon: page 1156, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1421, character 3
- Unihan data for U+74E6
ChineseEdit
trad. | 瓦 | |
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simp. # | 瓦 | |
alternative forms | 𪜂 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 瓦 | ||
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Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – fired earthenware pottery, or a tile.
Etymology 1Edit
Possibly derived from 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to transform”) by eliminating causative devoicing and adding an endoactive rising tone (上聲), literally “that which has transformed (through fire)” (Schuessler, 2007).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
瓦
- earthenware; earthenware pottery
- tile (roof covering)
- (historical) back of shield (arching, as if it is covered by tile)
- (historical) amusement park; market
- (historical, dialectal) protecting plate of wheel
- (music) Alternative name for 土 (tǔ, “earth”).
- Ancient placename in modern Hua County, Henan.
- a surname.
CompoundsEdit
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DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Derived from etymology 1 with denominal verbalization.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
瓦
CompoundsEdit
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Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
瓦
SynonymsEdit
Variety | Location | Words |
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Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 瓦特, 瓦 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 瓦 |
Wuhan | 支光 | |
Guiyang | 支光, 瓦 | |
Guilin | 瓦 | |
Dagudi (Maliba) | 瓦 | |
Reshuitang (Longling) | 瓦 | |
Mae Salong (Lancang) | 瓦 | |
Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 瓦 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 火, 𡆇 |
Hong Kong | 火, 𡆇 | |
Taishan (Guanghai) | 瓦 | |
Beihai | 瓦 | |
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 瓦, 火 | |
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 瓦 | |
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 瓦 | |
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 瓦 | |
Móng Cái | 瓦 | |
Mandalay (Taishan) | 度 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 𡆇 |
Min Nan | Shantou | 瓦 |
Wu | Hangzhou | 支光 |
Ningbo | 支光 |
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “瓦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: げ (ge)←げ (ge, historical)←ぐゑ (gwe, ancient)
- Kan-on: が (ga, Jōyō)←ぐわ (gwa, historical)
- Kun: かわら (kawara, 瓦, Jōyō)←かはら (kafara, historical); グラム (guramu, 瓦)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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瓦 |
かわら Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
/kapara/ → /kaɸara/ → /kawara/
Probably from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “cup, bowl, skull”),[1][2] possibly via Middle Chinese 迦波羅 (MC kˠa puɑ lɑ). Along with Buddhism, roof tiles came to Japan in the Asuka period.
Cognate with 骨, 䯊 (kawara, “a bone, particularly a covering bone such as a skull or kneecap”).
Folk etymologies include:
- From 変わら (kawara), the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 変わる (kawaru, “to change”), from the idea that tiles were produced by changing the clay into pottery through firing
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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瓦 |
グラム Grade: S |
irregular |
Abbreviation of transliterated ateji (当て字) spelling 瓦蘭姆 (guramu), attested in the Meiji period. The term グラム (guramu) itself was borrowed from either English gram or French gramme.[1][2]
Once considered a 国字 (kokuji, “national character”, a kanji coined in Japan), another example being 瓲 (ton, “ton, tonne”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 瓱 (miriguramu, “milligram, milligramme”)
- 甅 (senchiguramu, “centigram, centigramme”)
- 瓰 (deshiguramu, “decigram, decigramme”)
- 瓧 (dekaguramu, “decagram, decagramme”)
- 瓸 (hekutoguramu, “hectogram, hectogramme”)
- 瓩 (kiroguramu, “kilogram, kilogramme”)
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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瓦 |
が Grade: S |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 瓦 (MC ŋˠuaX, ŋˠuaH).
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 瓦 (MC ŋˠuaX).
Historical readings |
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PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [wa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [와]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
瓦: Hán Nôm readings: ngõa/ngoã, ngói, ngoa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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