瓦

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

瓦 (radical 98 瓦+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一女弓戈 (MVNI), four-corner 1071₇)

1. Kangxi radical #98, ⽡ ‎(“tile”).

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 747, character 36
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21438
• Dae Jaweon: page 1156, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1421, character 3
• Unihan data for U+74E6

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		瓦

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 瓦
Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) – fired earthenware pottery, or a tile.

Pronunciation 1Edit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wǎ (wa³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa⁵, ngaa⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngá
• Min Dong (BUC): nguâ / nguā
• Min Nan (POJ): hiā / huā / hiǎ / huǎ / óa / góa
• Wu (Wiktionary): ngo (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: wǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄚˇ
    • Wade-Giles: wa³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woa
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯a̠²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngaa⁵, ngaa⁶
    • Yale: ngáh, ngah
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa⁵, ngaa⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋɑː¹³/, /ŋɑː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngá
    • Hakka Romanization System: nga`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nga³
    • IPA: /ŋa³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nguâ / nguā
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋuɑ²⁴²/, /ŋua³³/
    • Note: nguâ - colloquial (“tile”); nguā - literary (“watt”).
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: góa
    • Tâi-lô: guá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goar
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /gua⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /gua⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óa
    • Tâi-lô: uá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oar
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ua⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ua⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ua⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ua⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiǎ
    • Tâi-lô: hiǎ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hia²²/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: huǎ
    • Tâi-lô: huǎ
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Sanxia, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiā
    • Tâi-lô: hiā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hia
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hia²²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hia²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hia³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hia³³/
  • (Hokkien: Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: huā
    • Tâi-lô: huā
    • Note: hiā, huā, hiǎ, huǎ - vernacular; óa, góa - literary.
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ngo (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋo²³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 瓦
Mandarin	Beijing	/ua²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ua²¹³/ /ua⁵³/
	Tianjin	/vɑ¹³/
	Jinan	/va⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/va⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ua⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ua⁵³/
	Xining	/ua⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/va⁵³/ ～房 /va¹³/ ～刀
	Lanzhou	/va⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/va⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ua⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ua⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ua⁴²/
	Kunming	/ua̠⁵³/
	Nanjing	/uɑ²¹²/
	Hefei	/ua²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/va⁵³/ 磚～ /va⁴⁵/ 泥～匠
	Pingyao	/uɑ⁵³/ 名詞 /uɑ³⁵/ 動詞
	Hohhot	/va⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ŋo²³/
	Suzhou	/ŋo³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔuɑ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ŋo³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ua³⁵/ /ŋa³⁵/
	Tunxi	/ŋɔ²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ua⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/uɒ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/uɑ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋa³¹/
	Taoyuan	/ŋɑ³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋa²³/
	Nanning	/ŋa²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/ŋa¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/gua⁵³/ /hia²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ua³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ua⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ua⁵³/ /hia³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hia³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋˠua^X/▼

Rime
Character	瓦
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五寡切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠuaX/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwaɨX/
Li Rong	/ŋuaX/
Wang Li	/ŋwaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋwaX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wǎ

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*C.ŋʷˤra[j]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷraːlʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瓦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwæX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ŋʷˤra[j]ʔ/
English	roof tile
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瓦
Reading #	1/2
No.	12601
Phonetic component	瓦
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	瓦
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷraːlʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

瓦

1. earthenware; earthenware pottery
2. tile (roof covering)
3. (historical) back of shield (arching, as if it is covered by tile)
4. (historical) amusement park; market
5. (historical, dialectal) protecting plate of wheel
6. (music) Alternative term for 土 (tǔ, “earth”).
7. Ancient placename in modern Hua County, Henan.
8. Short for 瓦特 (wǎtè, “watt”).
9. A surname​.

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 瓦

• 三瓦兩舍／三瓦两舍
• 三瓦四舍
• 上無片瓦遮身，下無立錐之地／上无片瓦遮身，下无立锥之地
• 丟下瓦磚兒，一個個要著地／丢下瓦砖儿，一个个要著地
• 丟磚料瓦／丢砖料瓦
• 伊洛瓦底江
• 催淚瓦斯／催泪瓦斯
• 冰散瓦解
• 冰消瓦解 (bīngxiāo wǎjiě)
• 化瓦糧／化瓦粮
• 千瓦 (qiānwǎ)
• 千瓦時／千瓦时
• 南瓦子
• 反打瓦
• 史瓦濟蘭／史瓦济兰
• 吃瓦片兒／吃瓦片儿
• 各人自掃檐前雪，莫管他家瓦上霜／各人自扫檐前雪，莫管他家瓦上霜
• 各人自掃門前雪，休管他人瓦上霜／各人自扫门前雪，休管他人瓦上霜
• 各人自掃門前雪，莫管他家瓦上霜／各人自扫门前雪，莫管他家瓦上霜
• 吐瓦魯／吐瓦鲁 (Tǔwǎlǔ)
• 哈瓦那 (Hāwǎnà)
• 單浪瓦房子／单浪瓦房子
• 土崩瓦解
• 土雞瓦犬／土鸡瓦犬
• 大小金瓦寺
• 天然瓦斯
• 密涅瓦
• 寧可玉碎，不為瓦全／宁可玉碎，不为瓦全
• 寧可玉碎，不能瓦全／宁可玉碎，不能瓦全
• 寧為玉碎，不為瓦全／宁为玉碎，不为瓦全
• 小青瓦
• 屋瓦
• 弄瓦 (nòngwǎ)
• 弄瓦之喜
• 德拉瓦河
• 打瓦
• 摩爾多瓦／摩尔多瓦 (Mó'ěrduōwǎ)
• 日內瓦／日内瓦 (Rìnèiwǎ)
• 日內瓦公約／日内瓦公约
• 明瓦
• 望風瓦解／望风瓦解
• 朱瓦碧甍
• 朱甍碧瓦
• 板瓦

• 根椽片瓦
• 毀方瓦合／毁方瓦合
• 毀瓦畫墁／毁瓦画墁
• 毒瓦斯
• 泥瓦匠
• 泥豬瓦狗／泥猪瓦狗
• 液化瓦斯
• 液體瓦斯／液体瓦斯
• 添磚加瓦／添砖加瓦
• 滴水瓦
• 片瓦根椽
• 片瓦無存／片瓦无存
• 琉璃瓦
• 瓦全
• 瓦剌
• 瓦匠
• 瓦合
• 瓦合之卒
• 瓦器 (wǎqì)
• 瓦器蚌盤／瓦器蚌盘
• 瓦圈
• 瓦塊／瓦块
• 瓦壟／瓦垄
• 瓦壟子／瓦垄子
• 瓦子
• 瓦屋 (wǎwū)
• 瓦市
• 瓦影龜魚／瓦影龟鱼
• 瓦斯 (wǎsī)
• 瓦斯中毒
• 瓦斯彈／瓦斯弹
• 瓦斯槍／瓦斯枪
• 瓦斯爐／瓦斯炉
• 瓦斯車／瓦斯车
• 瓦松
• 瓦棺篆鼎
• 瓦楞
• 瓦楞子
• 瓦楞帽
• 瓦楞紙／瓦楞纸
• 瓦溝／瓦沟
• 瓦灶繩床／瓦灶绳床
• 瓦片 (wǎpiàn)
• 瓦特 (wǎtè)

• 瓦特表
• 瓦獸／瓦兽
• 瓦當／瓦当
• 瓦當文／瓦当文
• 瓦盆
• 瓦碴兒／瓦碴儿
• 瓦礫／瓦砾 (wǎlì)
• 瓦窯／瓦窑
• 瓦罐
• 瓦罐不離井上破／瓦罐不离井上破
• 瓦舍 (wǎshè)
• 瓦解 (wǎjiě)
• 瓦解冰泮
• 瓦解冰消
• 瓦解冰銷／瓦解冰销
• 瓦解土崩
• 瓦解星散
• 瓦解星飛／瓦解星飞
• 瓦解雲散／瓦解云散
• 瓦釜之鳴／瓦釜之鸣
• 瓦釜雷鳴／瓦釜雷鸣
• 瓷瓦兒／瓷瓦儿
• 石棉瓦
• 破瓦頹垣／破瓦颓垣
• 硯瓦／砚瓦
• 碧瓦
• 碧瓦朱甍
• 磚瓦／砖瓦 (zhuānwǎ)
• 窩瓦河／窝瓦河
• 繩床瓦灶／绳床瓦灶
• 纍瓦結繩／累瓦结绳
• 缸瓦
• 薩爾瓦多／萨尔瓦多 (Sà'ěrwǎduō)
• 蘇瓦／苏瓦 (Sūwǎ)
• 虛舟飄瓦／虚舟飘瓦
• 赤瓦不剌海
• 銅瓦／铜瓦
• 阿瓦
• 陶犬瓦雞／陶犬瓦鸡
• 雷鳴瓦釜／雷鸣瓦釜
• 青瓦臺／青瓦台
• 飛磚擲瓦／飞砖掷瓦
• 鴛鴦瓦／鸳鸯瓦

Pronunciation 2Edit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wà (wa⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄚˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: wà
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄚˋ
    • Wade-Giles: wa⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wah
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯a̠⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋˠua^H/▼

Rime
Character	瓦
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五化切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠuaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwaɨH/
Li Rong	/ŋuaH/
Wang Li	/ŋwaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋwaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wà

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷraːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瓦
Reading #	2/2
No.	12603
Phonetic component	瓦
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	瓦
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷraːls/

DefinitionsEdit

瓦

1. ^† to tile; to cover with tiles

CompoundsEdit

• 瓦刀

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

瓦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: げ (ge)
• Kan’on: が (ga)
• Kun: かわら (kawara), グラム (guramu)

CompoundsEdit

• 瓦解
• 瓦礫

NounEdit

瓦 ‎(hiragana かわら, romaji kawara)

1. roof tiles

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

瓦 • ‎(wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune-Reischauer wa, Yale wa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

瓦 (ngõa, ngói, ngoa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.