申す
Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
申 |
もう Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
⟨mawosu⟩ → */mawusu/ → /mausu/ → /mɔːsu/ → /moːsu/
Shift from Old Japanese 申す (mawosu),[1][2] Late Old Japanese mausu.
Pronunciation edit
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "申す"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
申す | もーす | [móꜜòsù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 申せ | もーせ | [móꜜòsè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 申される | もーされる | [mòósáréꜜrù] |
Causative | 申させる | もーさせる | [mòósáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 申せる | もーせる | [mòóséꜜrù] |
Volitional | 申そう | もーそー | [mòósóꜜò] |
Negative | 申さない | もーさない | [mòósáꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 申さなかった | もーさなかった | [mòósáꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 申します | もーします | [mòóshímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 申した | もーした | [móꜜòshìtà] |
Conjunctive | 申して | もーして | [móꜜòshìtè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 申せば | もーせば | [móꜜòsèbà] |
Verb edit
申す • (mōsu) ←まうす (mausu)?transitive godan (stem 申し (mōshi), past 申した (mōshita))
- (humble, formal) to say
- (humble, formal) to be called
- (humble) to ask, request, or give thanks (to a kami or buddha)
- (humble) to make a wish
- (auxiliary) before a noun, usually with the honorific prefix 御 (o-/go-), to serve, perform an action for a superior
- (auxiliary, archaic) attaches to 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb: to formally or otherwise ceremonially do [verb]
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "申す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 申さ | もうさ | mōsa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 申し | もうし | mōshi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 申す | もうす | mōsu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 申す | もうす | mōsu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 申せ | もうせ | mōse |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 申せ | もうせ | mōse |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 申される | もうされる | mōsareru |
Causative | 申させる 申さす |
もうさせる もうさす |
mōsaseru mōsasu |
Potential | 申せる | もうせる | mōseru |
Volitional | 申そう | もうそう | mōsō |
Negative | 申さない | もうさない | mōsanai |
Negative continuative | 申さず | もうさず | mōsazu |
Formal | 申します | もうします | mōshimasu |
Perfective | 申した | もうした | mōshita |
Conjunctive | 申して | もうして | mōshite |
Hypothetical conditional | 申せば | もうせば | mōseba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 申さ | まうさ | mausa |
Continuative (連用形) | 申し | まうし | mausi |
Terminal (終止形) | 申す | まうす | mausu |
Attributive (連体形) | 申す | まうす | mausu |
Realis (已然形) | 申せ | まうせ | mause |
Imperative (命令形) | 申せ | まうせ | mause |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 申さず | まうさず | mausazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 申せど | まうせど | mausedo |
Causal conjunction | 申せば | まうせば | mauseba |
Conditional conjunction | 申さば | まうさば | mausaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 申しき | まうしき | mausiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 申しけり | まうしけり | mausikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 申しつ | まうしつ | mausitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 申しぬ | まうしぬ | mausinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 申せり 申したり |
まうせり まうしたり |
mauseri mausitari |
Volitional | 申さむ | まうさむ | mausamu |
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
- 申し (mōshi)
- 申さく, 白さく (mōsaku)
- 申さす (mōsasu)
- 申し合い (mōshiai)
- 申し上げる (mōshiageru)
- 申し置く (mōshioku)
- 申し送る (mōshiokuru)
- 申し遅れる (mōshiokureru)
- 申し行ふ (mōshiokonau)
- 申し聞かせる (mōshikikaseru)
- 申し沙汰 (mōshisata)
- 申し添える (mōshisoeru)
- 申し状 (mōshijō)
- 申し次ぐ (mōshitsugu)
- 申し做す (mōshinasu)
- 申し開く (mōshihiraku)
- おんじゃり申す (onjarimōsu)
- 掠め申す (kasumemōsu)
- 御座り申す (gozarimōsu)
- 鈴申す (suzumōsu)
- 罷り申す (makarimōsu)
- 物申す (monomōsu)
Idioms edit
- 暇を申す (itoma o mōsu)
Proverbs edit
- そっと申せばがっと申す (sotto mōseba gatto mōsu)
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
申 |
ま Grade: 3 |
irregular |
/mausu/ → */maːsu/ → /masu/
Thought to be a shift from mōsu above, historical mausu.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
Conjugation edit
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 申さ | まさ | masa |
Continuative (連用形) | 申し | まし | masi |
Terminal (終止形) | 申す | ます | masu |
Attributive (連体形) | 申す | ます | masu |
Realis (已然形) | 申せ | ませ | mase |
Imperative (命令形) | 申せ | ませ | mase |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 申さず | まさず | masazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 申せど | ませど | masedo |
Causal conjunction | 申せば | ませば | maseba |
Conditional conjunction | 申さば | まさば | masaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 申しき | ましき | masiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 申しけり | ましけり | masikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 申しつ | ましつ | masitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 申しぬ | ましぬ | masinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 申せり 申したり |
ませり ましたり |
maseri masitari |
Volitional | 申さむ | まさむ | masamu |
References edit
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960) 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
Old Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Verb edit
申す (mawosu) (kana まをす)
- to say
- to be called
- to ask, request, or give thanks (to a kami or buddha)
- to serve, perform an action for a superior
- (auxiliary) attaches to 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb: to formally or otherwise ceremonially do [verb]
Usage notes edit
Modern dictionaries use まおす (maosu) as reference to this verb.
Conjugation edit
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 申さ | まをさ | mawosa |
Continuative (連用形) | 申し | まをし | mawosi |
Terminal (終止形) | 申す | まをす | mawosu |
Attributive (連体形) | 申す | まをす | mawosu |
Realis (已然形) | 申せ | まをせ | mawose |
Imperative (命令形) | 申せ | まをせ | mawose |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 申さず | まをさず | mawosazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 申せど | まをせど | mawosedo |
Causal conjunction | 申せば | まをせば | mawoseba |
Conditional conjunction | 申さば | まをさば | mawosaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 申しき | まをしき | mawosiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 申しけり | まをしけり | mawosikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 申しつ | まをしつ | mawositu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 申しぬ | まをしぬ | mawosinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 申せり 申したり |
まをせり まをしたり |
mawoseri mawositari |
Volitional | 申さむ | まをさむ | mawosamu |
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:申す.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
⟨mawosu⟩ → */mawusu/ → /mausu/
Shift from mawosu above, attested in a few later poems of the Man'yōshū.
Since later poems also attest the use of earlier mawosu, a free variation of both pronunciations appears likely.
Verb edit
申す (mausu) (kana まうす)
- (rare) Same as まをす (mawosu) above
Conjugation edit
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 申さ | まうさ | mausa |
Continuative (連用形) | 申し | まうし | mausi |
Terminal (終止形) | 申す | まうす | mausu |
Attributive (連体形) | 申す | まうす | mausu |
Realis (已然形) | 申せ | まうせ | mause |
Imperative (命令形) | 申せ | まうせ | mause |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 申さず | まうさず | mausazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 申せど | まうせど | mausedo |
Causal conjunction | 申せば | まうせば | mauseba |
Conditional conjunction | 申さば | まうさば | mausaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 申しき | まうしき | mausiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 申しけり | まうしけり | mausikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 申しつ | まうしつ | mausitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 申しぬ | まうしぬ | mausinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 申せり 申したり |
まうせり まうしたり |
mauseri mausitari |
Volitional | 申さむ | まうさむ | mausamu |
Derived terms edit
- 申し給ふ (mausitamapu)
Descendants edit
- Japanese: 申す (mōsu)