申
See also: 田 [U+7530 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7530], 甲 [U+7532 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7532], 由 [U+7531 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7531], and 𢑚 [U+2245A CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2245A]
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Translingual
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Han character
edit申 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田中 (LWL), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 758, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21726
- Dae Jaweon: page 1168, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2526, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7533
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
申 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 申 | ||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) — a bolt of lightning. Original character of 電 (OC *l'iːns, “lightning”) and 神 (OC *hlin, “god; deity; spirit”).
Etymology
edit- “to extend; to state; to request; to announce; again”
- From 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins, “to pull; to draw”) + devoicing causative or iterative (Schuessler, 2007).
- 9th earthly branch
- From sense "to extend", denoting the moon's "extending" phase, i.e. waxing half-moon with a concave edge (Smith, 2010).
- For its association with the monkey, compare Proto-Tai *liːŋᴬ (“monkey”), Proto-Hmong *ʔlinᴬ (“monkey”), and Proto-Mien *ʔbiŋᴬ (“monkey”).
- “Shanghai”
- From 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng), an alternative name of 黃浦江/黄浦江 (Huángpǔjiāng), the largest river in Shanghai.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sen1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): siin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seng1
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shen1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shen
- Wade–Giles: shên1
- Yale: shēn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sen1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sen
- Sinological IPA (key): /sən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: san1
- Yale: sān
- Cantonese Pinyin: san1
- Guangdong Romanization: sen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sin³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: siin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɨn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂n
- Hakka Romanization System: siinˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin1
- Sinological IPA: /sɨn²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sə̃ŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- sin - literary;
- chhun - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: syin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hlin/
Definitions
edit申
- † Original form of 電/电 (diàn, “lightning”).
- to extend; to stretch
- to state; to explain
- 三令五申 ― sānlìngwǔshēn ― to repeat and reaffirm the commands multiple times
- to request; to report
- to announce; to express
- † again; repeatedly
- 申命記/申命记 ― Shēnmìngjì ― Book of Deuteronomy (lit. book of reaffirmation of laws)
- ninth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
- monkey of the Chinese zodiac
- 3 to 5 p.m.
- seventh month of the Chinese calendar
- (~國) Shen (vassal state during the Zhou dynasty)
- Alternative name for 上海 (Shànghǎi, “Shanghai”).
- † Alternative form of 神 (“deity”)
- a surname
Coordinate terms
edit- (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)
Compounds
edit- 三令五申 (sānlìngwǔshēn)
- 伊留申
- 守庚申
- 引申 (yǐnshēn)
- 引申義/引申义 (yǐnshēnyì)
- 按鈴申告/按铃申告
- 擊鼓申冤/击鼓申冤
- 昭冤申枉
- 春申君
- 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng)
- 熊經鳥申/熊经鸟申
- 生申令日
- 申令 (shēnlìng)
- 申冤 (shēnyuān)
- 申叔
- 申告 (shēngào)
- 申報/申报 (shēnbào)
- 申奏 (shēnzòu)
- 申屠 (Shēntú)
- 申救
- 申文 (shēnwén)
- 申斥 (shēnchì)
- 申旦
- 申旦達夕/申旦达夕
- 申明 (shēnmíng)
- 申時/申时 (shēnshí)
- 申浦
- 申狀/申状
- 申理
- 申申
- 甲申之役
- 申覆
- 申解
- 申討/申讨 (shēntǎo)
- 申訴/申诉 (shēnsù)
- 申詳/申详
- 申誡/申诫
- 申說/申说 (shēnshuō)
- 申論/申论 (shēnlùn)
- 申請/申请 (shēnqǐng)
- 申請書/申请书 (shēnqǐngshū)
- 申謝/申谢
- 申辦/申办 (shēnbàn)
- 申辯/申辩 (shēnbiàn)
- 申述 (shēnshù)
- 申重
- 申雪 (shēnxuě)
- 申韓/申韩
- 申領/申领 (shēnlǐng)
- 申飭/申饬
- 重申 (chóngshēn)
- 露申
References
edit- “申”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
edit申
- (humble) to speak
- the monkey, one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac
Readings
edit- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kun: もうす (mōsu, 申す, Jōyō); もうし (mōshi, 申し); さる (saru, 申); かさねる (kasaneru, 申ねる)
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
申 |
さる Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
edit- Homophones: 猿, 去る, 避る, 然る
Proper noun
edit- the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
申 |
しん Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 申 (syin).
Proper noun
edit- the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches
References
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰin]
- Phonetic hangul: [신]
Hanja
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit- chữ Hán form of Thân (“ninth of the twelve earthly branches”).
Compounds
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading もう・す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading もう・し
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