螳螂

Chinese

	praying mantis
simp. and trad. (螳螂)	螳	螂
2nd round simp.	𰳇螂
alternative forms	螳蜋螗螂蟷蜋／𬠅蜋當郎／当郎螗蜋

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螳螂

螳螂

Etymology

Dimunitive reduplication (Sun, 1999).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tángláng

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄤˊ ㄌㄤˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tang² nang²
Cantonese (Jyutping): tong⁴ long⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): tong² long
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thòng-lòng

(Meixian, Guangdong): tong² long²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tông-lông
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶daon-laon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tángláng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ ㄌㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tángláng
  - Wade–Giles: tʻang²-lang²
  - Yale: táng-láng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarnglang
  - Palladius: танлан (tanlan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: tang² nang²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tanglang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ²¹ naŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tong⁴ long⁴
  - Yale: tòhng lòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tong⁴ long⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tong⁴ long⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹ lɔːŋ²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: tong² long
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔŋ²⁴ lɔŋ²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòng-lòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: tong^ˇ long^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tong² long²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹ loŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tong² long²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰɔŋ¹¹ lɔŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông-lông
  - Tâi-lô: tông-lông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dongloong
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶daon-laon
  - MiniDict: daon^去 laon
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³daan-laan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɑ̃²² lɑ̃⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: dang lang

Rime
Character	螳	螂
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	徒郎切	魯當切
Baxter	dang	lang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daŋ/	/laŋ/
Li Rong	/dɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Wang Li	/dɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táng	láng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tong⁴	long⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*daːŋ raːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	螳	螂
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11142	8032
Phonetic component	尚	良
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	唐	郎
Old Chinese	/*daːŋ/	/*raːŋ/
Notes		蜋後起字見淮南子玉篇

Noun

螳螂

praying mantis (Classifier: 隻／只 m c)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 螳螂 (“praying mantis”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		螳蜋, 螳蠰, 蟷蜋, 蟷蠰, 䖨蜋, 莫貈, 蛑, 髦, 不過, 虰, 蝆蝆, 天馬, 齕疣, 食疣, 蚚父, 拒斧, 蜛蚥, 馬敫, 勇蟲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		螳螂
Taxonomic name		螳螂
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	刀螂
	Taiwan	螳螂
	Chengde	刀螂
	Chifeng	刀螂子
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	刀螂
	Heihe	刀螂
	Qiqihar	刀螂
	Harbin	刀螂, 螳螂
	Jiamusi	刀螂
	Baicheng	刀螂
	Changchun	刀螂
	Tonghua	刀螂
	Shenyang	螳螂, 刀螂
	Jinzhou	螳螂, 刀螂
	Singapore	螳螂
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	刀螂
	Tangshan	刀螂
	Cangzhou	刀螂
	Baoding	刀螂
	Shijiazhuang	刀螂
	Lijin	刀螂
	Jinan	刀螂
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	刀螂
	Dandong	刀螂
	Yantai	刀螂
	Yantai (Muping)	刀龍
	Qingdao	刀螂
	Zhucheng	刀螂
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	螳螂
	Lingbao	螳螂
	Jining	螳螂
	Wanrong	鋤田老漢
	Linfen	螂蹦蹦
	Shangqiu	螳螂, 砍刀
	Yuanyang	螳螂, 砍刀
	Zhengzhou	砍刀
	Xinyang	刀龍
	Baihe	螳螂
	Xi'an	猴子
	Baoji	砍刀
	Tianshui	螳螂
	Xining	螳螂
	Xuzhou	砍頭螂
	Fuyang	螳螂, 刀刀
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	猴子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	螳螂
	Lanzhou	螳螂
	Dunhuang	猴子
	Hami	螳螂
	Ürümqi	刀螂, 猴子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	螳螂, 猴子, 孫猴子
	Nanchong	螳螂, 蚱蠓
	Dazhou	猴三兒
	Hanyuan	千蛋哥兒
	Xichang	螳螂
	Zigong	香猴三兒
	Chongqing	猴子, 猴三兒
	Wuhan	螳螂, 䗛子, 蔥擔婆
	Yichang	螳螂
	Xiangyang	螳螂
	Tianmen	螳螂
	Guiyang	螳螂
	Zunyi	螳螂
	Bijie	螳螂
	Liping	螳螂
	Zhaotong	螳螂, 鬼螞蚱
	Dali	螳螂
	Kunming	螳螂, 鬼螞蚱
	Mengzi	大螞蚱
	Guilin	螳螂
	Liuzhou	螳螂, 馬螂䗧
	Nanning (Wuming)	馬螂䗧
	Jishou	螳螂兒
	Changde	螳螂
	Hanzhong	螳螂, 刀螂
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	螳螂, 刀螂
	Yangzhou	刀螂, 刀螂子
	Lianyungang	刀螂
	Lianshui	刀螂
	Nantong	啄螂
	Anqing	刀螂
	Wuhu	刀螂
	Hefei	刀螂
	Huanggang	猴子頭兒
	Hong'an	螳螂, 䗛子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	馬螂狂
	Hong Kong	螳螂, 馬螂狂 dated
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	斬柴郎
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	羊貓哥
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	斬刀娘
	Taishan	鉸剪霎
	Kaiping (Chikan)	馬交螂
	Dongguan	螳螂
	Yunfu	馬螂狂
	Yangjiang	馬騮狂
	Nanning	馬螂狂
	Nanning (Tanka)	馬螂狂
	Wuzhou	馬螂狂
	Yulin	馬螂狂
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	馬螂狂
	Hepu (Shatian)	馬螂狂
	Beihai	馬螂狂
	Beihai (Nankang)	馬螂狂
	Beihai (Yingpan)	馬螂狂
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	馬螂狂
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	馬螂狂
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	馬螂狂
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	螳螂
	Ipoh (Guangfu)	螳螂
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	馬螂狂
	Móng Cái	馬螂狂, 狂螂
Gan	Nanchang	螳螂
	Lichuan	螳螂
	Pingxiang	猴子
	Liuyang	禾猴哩
Hakka	Meixian	螳螂仔, 螳螂
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	老虎阿哥
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	老虎哥
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	豹虎哥
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	禾擔竿, 擔竿板, 生黸刀嫲
	Wuhua (Changbu)	豹虎哥
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	豹虎哥
	Yudu	碓雞公, 猴子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	老虎哥
	Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian)	豹虎哥
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	草猴, 草馬
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	螳螂
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	㧡水擔竿, 竹篙仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	草猴
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	調羹仔, 摳考
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	草猴
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	老虎哥, 挨礱披波, 草馬仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	草馬, 挨礱噓呼, 草鞋耙
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	挨礱披波, 草馬仔, 草馬, 老虎哥
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	螳𫋐
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	草猴, 草蝦
	Hong Kong	豹虎哥
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	馬猴螳
	Senai (Huiyang)	螳螂, 斬刀羊 dated
Huizhou	Jixi	滾龍狂
	Shexian	螳螂, 鐵絲蛇
	Fuliang	剪頭髮個
Jin	Taiyuan	扁擔婆, 吃猴蟲
	Pingyao	扁擔, 吃猴蟲兒
	Yangyuan	燒火人
	Datong	螳螂兒
	Xinzhou	掐猴猴蟲, 槌敲
	Lüliang (Lishi)	螳螂
	Changzhi	砍瓜郎
	Taibus (Baochang)	簸簸箕
	Linhe	簸簸箕
	Jining	螳螂
	Hohhot	螳螂, 扁擔
	Erenhot	扁擔
	Pingshan	鍘刀, 砍三刀兒
	Zhangjiakou	刀螂
	Handan	螳螂, 磕頭螂
	Suide	螳螂
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	蜣螂
Northern Min	Jian'ou	蘆螞
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	草蜢哥
	Fuqing	慘蜢
	Matsu	草蜢哥, 馬蟧琊啷
Southern Min	Xiamen	草猴, 草衝
	Quanzhou	芒螳
	Zhangzhou	虎魯舅
	Pinghe	老虎舅
	Zhangpu	樹猴
	Zhao'an	草猴
	Zhao'an (Sidu)	草猴
	Zhao'an (Tingyang, Baiyang)	草猴
	Zhao'an (Wenshan, Taiping)	草馬
	Taipei	草猴
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	草猴
	Kaohsiung	草猴
	Yilan	草猴
	Changhua (Lukang)	螳芒
	Taichung	草猴
	Taichung (Wuqi)	螳芒
	Tainan	草猴
	Taitung (Green Island)	螳芒
	Hsinchu	草猴, 鐵頭
	Pingtung (Liuqiu)	草猴
	Kinmen	國舅, 樹貓
	Penghu (Magong)	草猴
	Penghu (Huxi)	草猴
	Penghu (Jibei)	草猴
	Singapore (Hokkien)	草猴, 草衝, 樹貓
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	灶雞
	Chaozhou	草猴
	Raoping	草猴
	Shantou	草猴
	Shantou (Chenghai)	草猴
	Jieyang	草猴
	Haifeng	苦舅
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	杜猴
	Singapore (Teochew)	草猴
	Pontianak (Teochew)	草猴
	Wenchang	擔油公, 日頭翼
	Haikou	擔油公
Puxian Min	Putian	草猴
Puxian Min	Xianyou	草猴
Central Min	Yong'an	螳螂
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	馬喵螂
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	馬螂䗧
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	虎頭劈
Wu	Shanghai	螳螂
	Shanghai (Chongming)	螳螂
	Suzhou	螳螂
	Danyang	蚱螂
	Hangzhou	螳螂
	Ningbo	斧頭蟑螂, 吃髮螂, 吃頭髮郎
	Wenzhou	頭毛公公, 頭毛娘, 頭毛虎, 頭毛吊, 打刀娘, 剪裾娘, 紫金娘
Xiang	Changsha	禾老蟲
	Xiangtan	禾老虎
	Loudi	禾老蟲
	Shuangfeng	禾老蟲
	Quanzhou	螳螂
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	螳螂
Xiangnan Tuhua	Dong'an	螳螂
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	老虎瓜瓜
	Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang)	馬螂狂
	Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	猴哥
	Renhua (Shitang)	老虎哥哥
	Lechang (Beixiang)	蜉螂狂
	Lechang (Huangpu)	猴牯灶雞
	Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi)	麥崽, 草猴
	Lechang (Sanxi)	老虎灶雞

Derived terms

螳螂奮臂／螳螂奋臂
螳螂拒轍／螳螂拒辙
螳螂拳
螳螂捕蟬／螳螂捕蝉
螳螂捕蟬，黃雀在後／螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后 (tángláng bǔ chán, huángquè zài hòu)
螳螂搏蟬／螳螂搏蝉
螳螂黃雀／螳螂黄雀

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (螳螂):

→ Japanese: 蟷(とう)螂(ろう) (tōrō)
→ Korean: 당랑(螳螂) (dangnang)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
螳	螂
かまきり
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
蟷螂 (mantis sense) 鎌切 (mantis and fish senses) 杜父魚 (fish sense)

Either a compound of 鎌 (kama, “sickle”) +‎ 切り (kiri, “cutting; cutter”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 切る (kiru, “to cut”)), or of 鎌 (kama, “sickle”) +‎ キリ (kiri, onomatopoeia), where the kiri is imitative of the sound made by grasshoppers and katydids, and is found as a common element in the names of several insects of similar size and body shape. Compare 螽斯 (kirigirisu, “grasshopper; katydid”), 笹切 (sasakiri, “bush cricket; katydid”).

Considering the sharp forelegs of the mantis, the first derivation may be more probable.

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 螳螂 (tángláng).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かまきり [káꜜmàkìrì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ma̠kʲiɾʲi]

Noun

螳螂(かまきり) or 螳螂(カマキリ) • (kamakiri)

a mantis (any of various large insects of the order Mantodea)
(by extension, from the slender build of the insect) a skinny person or horse
(rare) a fourspine sculpin, a fish of species Cottus kazika.

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カマキリ.

For the fourspine sculpin sense, the more common kanji spellings are 鎌切 and 杜父魚.^[4]^[1]

Synonyms

(fish): 鮎(あゆ)掛(かけ) (ayukake)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
螳	螂
とう Hyōgai	ろう Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 螳螂 (MC dang lang).

Alternative forms

蟷螂

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とーろー [tòóróó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[3]^[2]
IPA^(key): [to̞ːɾo̞ː]

Noun

螳(とう)螂(ろう) • (tōrō) ^{←たうらう (taurau)^?}

a mantis

Derived terms

蟷(とう)螂(ろう)が斧(おの)を取(と)りて隆(りゅう)車(しゃ)に向(む)かう (tōrō ga ono o torite ryūsha ni mukau): “the mantis takes [up] its hatchets and faces off against a grand chariot” → a metaphor for a futile endeavor; compare English piss in the wind, quixotic
蟷(とう)螂(ろう)が斧(おの)をもって隆(りゅう)車(しゃ)に向(む)かう (tōrō ga ono o motte ryūsha ni mukau): “the mantis takes [up] its hatchets and faces off against a grand chariot” → a metaphor for a futile endeavor; compare English piss in the wind, quixotic
蟷(とう)螂(ろう)の斧(おの) (tōrō no ono): “the mantis's hatchets” → a metaphor for a futile endeavor; compare English piss in the wind, quixotic

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
螳	螂

Noun

螳螂 • (dangnang) (hangeul 당랑)

hanja form^? of 당랑 (“mantis”)

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ-4] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]