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U+826F, 良
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-826F

[U+826E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8270]
U+F97C, 良
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97C

[U+F97B]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F97D]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 138, +1, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈日女 (IAV), four-corner 30732, composition (GHT) or (JK) or (V))

  1. good, virtuous, respectable

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30597
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1472, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3170, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+826F

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Pictogram (象形) . Possibly depicts corridors and a room, in which case it would be the original form of . See also the top component of . Unrelated to and .

Etymology

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Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l(j)a(k/ŋ) (good, beautiful).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • liông/liâng - literary;
  • niû - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/liɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/liɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɨaŋ/
Li
Rong
/liaŋ/
Wang
Li
/lĭaŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/li̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
liáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
loeng4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liáng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljang ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]aŋ/
English good

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8046
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*raŋ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. good; fine; well
  2. good; virtuous; respectable
  3. good person; virtuous person
  4. (literary) innate; inherent; natural
  5. very; very much; quite
  6. (literary) really; certainly; surely
  7. (obsolete) term of address used by a woman for her husband
  8. a surname: Liang
  9. (Catholicism) Leo (papal name)
Synonyms
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  • (good, fine):
  • (very):

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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  1. Only used in 方良, alternative form of 魍魎魍魉 (wǎngliǎng)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. good

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
りょう
Grade: 4
kan'on

Noun

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(りょう) (ryōりやう (ryau)?

  1. (school mark) good, B
    数学(すうがく)成績(せいせき)(りょう)だった
    sūgaku no seiseki wa ryō datta
    I got a B in math

Proper noun

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(りょう) (Ryōりやう (Ryau)?

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC ljang).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 랴ᇰ (Yale: lyàng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 (Yale: al) (Yale: lyang)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 어딜 (Yale: etil) (Yale: lyang)
Seokbong Cheonjamun, 1583 어딜 (Yale: etil) (Yale: nyang)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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(eumhun 어질 (eojil ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 어질 (eojil yang))

  1. hanja form? of (good) [affix]
  2. hanja form? of (good) [affix]

Compounds

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Old Korean

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Etymology 1

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Phonogram

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(*a)

  1. A syllabic phonogram denoting the syllable *a (generally not word-initial)

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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(*-a)

  1. The verbal and adjectival infinitive suffix.
Descendants
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  • Middle Korean: 어〮 (), 아〮 ()

Etymology 3

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Particle

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(*-a)

  1. in; at; on; locative case marker, attested primarily in hyangga poems
Usage notes
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  • First-millennium Old Korean also featured the locative particle (*-kuy). The two particles were compounded as 良中 (*-a-kuy) as early as the seventh century. The compounded form becomes predominant in the corpus after the eleventh century, after which (*-a) in isolation is not encountered. The compounded form eventually fused into a single morpheme, becoming the Middle Korean locative particle 에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy).
  • After the fourteenth century, Korean scribes occasionally reused the character to write 에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy). This is a feature of Middle Korean writing, not Old Korean.
Descendants
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  • Old Korean: 良中 (*-akuy) (compounded with (*-kuy))
    • Middle Korean: 에〮 (-éy)
      • Korean: (-e)
See also
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  • (*-kuy) (locative case marker)
  • (*-uy) (locative case marker)
  • 良中 (*-akuy) (locative case marker predominant after the eleventh century)

References

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  • 배대은 (Bae Dae-eun) (1996) “이두 처격조사의 통시적 고찰 [Idu cheogyeok josa-ui tongsijeok gochal, A diachronic study of locative case markers in Idu]”, in Baedalmal, volume 21, pages 139–156
  • 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000) “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Chaja pyogi jaryo-ui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
  • Hwang Seon-yeop (2006). "Godae gugeo-ui cheogyeok josa" 고대국어의 처격조사] ["The locative case markers of Old Korean"]. Hanmal Yeon'gu Hakhoe Jeon'guk Haksul Daehoe (conference). Seongnam, South Korea. pp. 35–48.
  • Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: lương

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