Joan
English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editA clipped or hypochoristic form of Joanna, from Latin Joanna, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννα (Iōánna), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה (Yôḥānāh, literally “God is gracious”), the feminized form of יְהוֹחָנָן (Yəhōḥānān) which produced John and its many doublets. As a placeholder name, cf. similar use of John and Jack. Doublet of Ivana, Jana, Jane, Janice, Janis, Jean, Jeanne, Jen, Joanna, Joanne, Johanna, Juana, Shavonne, Sian, Siobhan, Shane, Shaun, Shauna, and Sheena.
Pronunciation
edit- (General American) IPA(key): /d͡ʒoʊn/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /d͡ʒəʊn/
- Rhymes: -əʊn
Proper noun
editJoan
- A female given name from French, a feminine form of John.
- 1979, Margaret Atwood, Lady Oracle, page 336:
- Maybe my mother didn't name me after Joan Crawford after all, I thought; she just told me that to cover up. She named me after Joan of Arc, didn't she know what happened to women like that?
Usage notes
edit- Joan was the usual feminine form of John in the Middle Ages. It was superseded by Jane in the 17th century, but was again very popular during the first half of the 20th century.
Derived terms
editTranslations
editNoun
editJoan (plural Joans)
- (colloquial, obsolete or archaic) A placeholder or conventional name for any woman, particularly a younger lower-class woman.
- 1598, William Shakespeare, Loues Labors Lost, 1st Quarto, Act III, Scene i:
- 1606, Thomas Heywood, If You Knouu Not Me, You Know No Bodie:
- Joan’s as good as this French lady.
- 1611, John Davies, "Vpon Englishe Prouerbs", Scourge of Folly, §386:
- ‘Ioan in the darke is as good as my lady:’
Nay, perhapps better, such ladies there may bee.
- ‘Ioan in the darke is as good as my lady:’
- 1623, William Shakespeare, The Life and Death of King Iohn, act I, scene i:
- 1931, Arthur Melville Clark, Thomas Heywood, page 12:
- ...when Henslowe notes Heywood's next play he has a little more respect for him; for, although the total was again but five pounds, three pounds on February 10, 1598/9 and the rest two days later, the dramatist on both occasions is Mr. Heywood. The only surviving fragment of the piece, ‘Jonne as good as my ladey’, may be a song in Γυναικεῖον with the burden 'What care I how faire she bee...
- 2014, Antonia Senior, Treason's Daughter, page 169:
- A wife. But what wife and when? Pretty, yes, but godly and modest. He remembers something Taffy said once: ‘A homely Joan is as good as a lady when the lights are out.’ Aye, Taf, he thinks, but best to marry one whose face you can worship. An image of Lucy Tompkins pops unbidden into his mind.
- (fashion, obsolete or archaic) A kind of close-fitting cap for women popular in the mid-18th century.
- 1756, Connoisseur, number 134, page 810:
- A grocer's wife attractd our eyes by a new-fashioned cap called a Joan.
Usage notes
edit- Despite being a common noun, the word is still treated as a name and capitalized as such. In the 16th and 17th centuries, often with implications of plain appearance but sexual availability. In the 18th and 19th centuries, often with implication of rusticness.
Synonyms
editCoordinate terms
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- “Joan, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Anagrams
editCatalan
editEtymology
editInherited from Latin Iohannes, from Ancient Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Hebrew יוחנן (Yôḥānān, “Yahweh is gracious”).
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editJoan m
Danish
editProper noun
editJoan
- a female given name from English borrowed from English, popular in the 1950s and the 1960s
Manx
editProper noun
editJoan f
- a female given name
Mutation
editManx mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
Joan | Yoan | N'yoan |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Middle English
editProper noun
editJoan
- Alternative form of John
Occitan
editEtymology
editFrom Latin Iohannes, from Ancient Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Hebrew יוחנן (Yôḥānān, “Yahweh is gracious”).
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editJoan
- a male given name, equivalent to English John
Old Galician-Portuguese
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Latin Iōannēs, borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יוֹחָנָן.
Proper noun
editJoan
- (biblical) John (one of four persons of the Bible)
- a male given name, equivalent to English John
- 13th century, Fernão Rodrigues de Calheiros, [cantiga 1333]; republished as Angelo Colocci, compiler, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Italy, 1525–c.1526, cantiga 1333:
Viſtes o caualeyro que diʒia
Que iohan moniʒ era mentia
Ca Ioham iohannes o acharon
E tomaronlhi quanto tragia
E foy de gram uentura aquel dia
Que eſcapou queo non enforcaron- Have you seen the knight that said he was John Moniz? He was lying, for they discovered he was John Johannes and took him away. And he got lucky that day, because he was nearly hanged.
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2024) “Joan”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISSN
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “Joan”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “Joan”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
Yola
editProper noun
editJoan
- a male given name, variant of Jone
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
- Sank Joan is oor brover.
- St. John is our brother.
References
edit- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 28
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