absent
EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English absent, from Middle French absent, from Old French ausent, and their source, Latin absens, present participle of absum (“to be away from”), from ab (“away”) + sum (“to be”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈæb.sn̩t/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈæb.sn̩t/, enPR: ăb'sənt
Audio (US) (file)
AdjectiveEdit
absent (comparative absenter, superlative absentest)[1]
- (not comparable) Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present; missing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
- 1623, William Shakespeare, All’s Well That Ends Well, II-iii:
- Expecting absent friends.
- (not comparable) Not existing; lacking. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
- The part was rudimental or absent.
- (comparable) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. [First attested in the early 18th century.][2]
- 1746-1747, Chesterfield, Letters to his Son:
- What is commonly called an absent man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man.
- 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide
- For days Ailie had an absent eye and a sad face, and it so fell out that in all that time young Heriotside, who had scarce missed a day, was laid up with a broken arm and never came near her.
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
NounEdit
absent (plural absents)
- (with definite article) Something absent, especially absent people collectively; those who were or are not there. [from 15th c.]
- 1772, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, 30 May:
- The Applause he met with exceeds all belief of the Absent.
- 1947, Cecil Day Lewis, Poetic Image:
- That very sense of longing, of yearning for the absent, which 'nostalgia' conveys to us now.
- 1772, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, 30 May:
- (obsolete, Scotland) An absentee; a person who is not there. [15th–19th c.][3]
PrepositionEdit
absent
- In the absence of; without; except. [First attested in the mid 20th century.][2]
- Absent taxes modern governments cannot function.
- 1919, “State vs. Britt, Supreme Court of Missouri, Division 2”, in The Southwestern Reporter, page 427:
- If the accused refuse upon demand to pay money or deliver property (absent any excuse or excusing circumstance) which came into his hands as a bailee, such refusal might well constitute some evidence of conversion, with the requisite fraudulent intent required by the statute.
- 2011, David Elstein, London Review of Books, volume 33, number 15:
- the Princess Caroline case […] established that – absent a measurable ‘public interest’ in publication – she was safe from being photographed while out shopping.
- 2019 September 5, Ian Bogost, “I tried to limit my screen time (It didn't go well)”, in The Atlantic[1]:
- And the distraction-management software Freedom offers a mode that won’t unlock affected apps absent a telephone-support call.
- 2020, Anu Bradford, “8. Is the Brussels Effect Beneficial?”, in The Brussels Effect. How the European Union Rules the World, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 258:
- California cannot promulgate regulations that are inconsistent with US federal laws absent an explicit waiver from the federal government.
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English absenten, from Old French absenter, from Late Latin absentāre (“keep away, be away”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /æbˈsɛnt/, enPR: ăbsĕnt'
Audio (UK) (file)
- (US) IPA(key): /æbˈsɛnt/
- Rhymes: -ɛnt
VerbEdit
absent (third-person singular simple present absents, present participle absenting, simple past and past participle absented)
- (reflexive) To keep (oneself) away.
- Most of the men are retired, jobless, or have otherwise temporarily absented themselves from the workplace.
- 1701-1703, Addison, Remarks on Italy:
- If after due summons any member absents himself, he is to be fined.
- 1945 August 17, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter 6, in Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:
- This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half.
- (transitive, archaic) To keep (someone) away. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more;
- (intransitive, obsolete) Stay away; withdraw. [Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the late 18th century.][2]
- 1855, Frederick Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, New York: Miller, Orton and Mulligan:
- The iron rule of the plantation, always passionately and violently enforced in that neighborhood, makes flogging the penalty of failing to be in the field before sunrise in the morning, unless special permission be given to the absenting slave.
- (transitive, rare) Leave. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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ReferencesEdit
- ^ Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN), page 6
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “absent”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8.
- ^ “absent, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
AnagramsEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin absēns, absēntem. Doublet of ausent.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
absent (masculine and feminine plural absents)
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “absent” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin absēns, absēntem. Compare the popular form ausent.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
absent (feminine absente, masculine plural absents, feminine plural absentes)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
NounEdit
absent m (plural absents)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “absent”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
absent (strong nominative masculine singular absenter, not comparable)
- absent, not present
- absent-minded
DeclensionEdit
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist absent | sie ist absent | es ist absent | sie sind absent | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | absenter | absente | absentes | absente |
genitive | absenten | absenter | absenten | absenter | |
dative | absentem | absenter | absentem | absenten | |
accusative | absenten | absente | absentes | absente | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der absente | die absente | das absente | die absenten |
genitive | des absenten | der absenten | des absenten | der absenten | |
dative | dem absenten | der absenten | dem absenten | den absenten | |
accusative | den absenten | die absente | das absente | die absenten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein absenter | eine absente | ein absentes | (keine) absenten |
genitive | eines absenten | einer absenten | eines absenten | (keiner) absenten | |
dative | einem absenten | einer absenten | einem absenten | (keinen) absenten | |
accusative | einen absenten | eine absente | ein absentes | (keine) absenten |
NormanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French ausent, relatinized on the model of its ancestor, Latin absēns (“absent, missing”), present active participle of absum, abesse (“be away, be absent”).
AdjectiveEdit
absent m
Derived termsEdit
- absemment (“absently”)
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Latin absēns. First attested in 1571–1632.
NounEdit
absent m
- The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | — | — |
genitive | — | absentów |
dative | — | — |
accusative | — | — |
instrumental | — | — |
locative | — | — |
vocative | — | — |
Related termsEdit
- absentować impf
ReferencesEdit
- Marek Kunicki-Goldfinger (29.09.2014), “ABSENT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French absent, Latin absēns, absēntem.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
absent m or n (feminine singular absentă, masculine plural absenți, feminine and neuter plural absente)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | absent | absentă | absenți | absente | ||
definite | absentul | absenta | absenții | absentele | |||
genitive/ dative |
indefinite | absent | absente | absenți | absente | ||
definite | absentului | absentei | absenților | absentelor |
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- absent in DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)