jak
English edit
Noun edit
jak (plural jaks)
- Alternative form of jack (“the tree Mangifera caesia”)
Related terms edit
Anagrams edit
Acehnese edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
jak
References edit
- Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Albanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jak m (plural jakë, definite jaku, definite plural jakët)
Further reading edit
- [2] m. noun jak (engl. yak) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Czech jak, from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).
Adverb edit
jak
- how
- Jak se máš/máte? ― How are you?
- Jak to jde? ― How's it going?
Conjunction edit
jak
- as
- jak Petr tak Pavel ― both Peter and Paul
- jak se do lesa volá, tak se z lesa ozývá ― as you call into the forest, you hear from the forest; what goes around comes around
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag),[1] from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Noun edit
jak m anim
- yak (mammal)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ "jak²" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
jak m (plural jaks, diminutive jakje n)
- yak, the ox-like Himalayan bovine, Bos grunniens
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
jak n (plural jakken, diminutive jakje n)
- tight upper body garment
Descendants edit
- Negerhollands: jakje (from the diminutive)
Garo edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (“hand; arm”). Cognate with Narua lak (“hand”).
Noun edit
jak
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (“leaf”).
Noun edit
jak
Classifier edit
jak
- used with leaves
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jak (plural jakok)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | jak | jakok |
accusative | jakot | jakokat |
dative | jaknak | jakoknak |
instrumental | jakkal | jakokkal |
causal-final | jakért | jakokért |
translative | jakká | jakokká |
terminative | jakig | jakokig |
essive-formal | jakként | jakokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | jakban | jakokban |
superessive | jakon | jakokon |
adessive | jaknál | jakoknál |
illative | jakba | jakokba |
sublative | jakra | jakokra |
allative | jakhoz | jakokhoz |
elative | jakból | jakokból |
delative | jakról | jakokról |
ablative | jaktól | jakoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
jaké | jakoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
jakéi | jakokéi |
Possessive forms of jak | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | jakom | jakjaim |
2nd person sing. | jakod | jakjaid |
3rd person sing. | jakja | jakjai |
1st person plural | jakunk | jakjaink |
2nd person plural | jakotok | jakjaitok |
3rd person plural | jakjuk | jakjaik |
Derived terms edit
Kalo Finnish Romani edit
Noun edit
jak f (genitive jakkako, nominative plural jakka, genitive plural jakkengo)
Derived terms edit
Kashubian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
jak (not comparable)
Conjunction edit
jak
Further reading edit
Lashi edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jak
References edit
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[4], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
Malay edit
Adverb edit
jak
Middle English edit
Noun edit
jak
- Alternative form of jakke
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From languages such as English yak, German Jak or French yak, all from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag, “yak”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (“sheep, yak”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jak m (definite singular jaken, indefinite plural jaker, definite plural jakene)
- a yak (an ox-like mammal native to the Himalayas, Mongolia, Burma, and Tibet with dark, long, and silky hair, a horse-like tail, and a full, bushy mane; scientific name Bos grunniens)
References edit
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
jak
- Alternative form of jako.
Conjunction edit
jak
- Alternative form of jako.
Descendants edit
- Czech: jak
References edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “jak”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”). First attested in the 15th century.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
jak
- adverbal inerogative; how (in what way)
- adverbal relational; as, like (in a similar way)
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 7:
- A thak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wsak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)
- [A tak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wszak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)]
Conjunction edit
jak
Descendants edit
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “jak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /jak/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈjak/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) Audio 3 (file) Audio 4 (file) - Rhymes: -ak
- Syllabification: jak
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Polish jak.
Pronoun edit
jak
- how
- Jak masz na imię? ― What's your name? (informal)
- Jak się masz? ― How are you? (informal)
- Jak to zrobiłeś? ― How did you do that?
Related terms edit
Conjunction edit
jak
- as
- Jak widać, jeszcze nie skończyłam. ― As you can see, I haven't finished yet.
- Jego ojciec jest silny jak wół. ― His father is strong as an ox.
- like
- Wyglądasz jak obcokrajowiec. ― You look like a foreigner.
- (colloquial) when; replaces kiedy, gdy
- Jak byłem w lesie, to widziałem niedźwiedzia. ― When I was in the forest, I saw a bear.
- (colloquial) if; replaces jeśli, jeżeli
- Jak będziesz dalej tak robiła, to w końcu cię rzuci. ― If you keep doing that, he'll eventually dump you.
- (colloquial) than; replaces niż
- Typ nie miał więcej jak metr sześćdziesiąt. ― The guy was no taller than five feet three.
- as much as possible, used with a superlative
- Zrobię to jak najszybciej. ― I'll do it as soon as possible.
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
jak m animal
- yak (ox-like mammal)
Declension edit
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 375 times in scientific texts, 247 times in news, 343 times in essays, 530 times in fiction, and 756 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2251 times, making it the 18th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- jak I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jak II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jako, jak, jeko”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “JAK I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
- “JAK II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
- “JAK III”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego[5]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[6]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego[7] (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 126
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jakъ.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
jȃk (definite jȃkī, comparative jȁčī, Cyrillic spelling ја̑к)
Declension edit
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | jak | jaka | jako | |
genitive | jaka | jake | jaka | |
dative | jaku | jakoj | jaku | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
jak jaka |
jaku | jako |
vocative | jak | jaka | jako | |
locative | jaku | jakoj | jaku | |
instrumental | jakim | jakom | jakim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | jaki | jake | jaka | |
genitive | jakih | jakih | jakih | |
dative | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
accusative | jake | jake | jaka | |
vocative | jaki | jake | jaka | |
locative | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
instrumental | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | jaki | jaka | jako | |
genitive | jakog(a) | jake | jakog(a) | |
dative | jakom(u/e) | jakoj | jakom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
jaki jakog(a) |
jaku | jako |
vocative | jaki | jaka | jako | |
locative | jakom(e/u) | jakoj | jakom(e/u) | |
instrumental | jakim | jakom | jakim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | jaki | jake | jaka | |
genitive | jakih | jakih | jakih | |
dative | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
accusative | jake | jake | jaka | |
vocative | jaki | jake | jaka | |
locative | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | |
instrumental | jakim(a) | jakim(a) | jakim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | jači | jača | jače | |
genitive | jačeg(a) | jače | jačeg(a) | |
dative | jačem(u) | jačoj | jačem(u) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
jači jačeg(a) |
jaču | jače |
vocative | jači | jača | jače | |
locative | jačem(u) | jačoj | jačem(u) | |
instrumental | jačim | jačom | jačim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | jači | jače | jača | |
genitive | jačih | jačih | jačih | |
dative | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | |
accusative | jače | jače | jača | |
vocative | jači | jače | jača | |
locative | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | |
instrumental | jačim(a) | jačim(a) | jačim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | najjači | najjača | najjače | |
genitive | najjačeg(a) | najjače | najjačeg(a) | |
dative | najjačem(u) | najjačoj | najjačem(u) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
najjači najjačeg(a) |
najjaču | najjače |
vocative | najjači | najjača | najjače | |
locative | najjačem(u) | najjačoj | najjačem(u) | |
instrumental | najjačim | najjačom | najjačim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | najjači | najjače | najjača | |
genitive | najjačih | najjačih | najjačih | |
dative | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | |
accusative | najjače | najjače | najjača | |
vocative | najjači | najjače | najjača | |
locative | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | |
instrumental | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) | najjačim(a) |
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “jak” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Etymology 2 edit
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jȁk m (Cyrillic spelling ја̏к)
- yak (ox-like mammal)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- “jak” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Silesian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish jak.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
jak
Adverb edit
jak
- comparative as
- as (in the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that)
- as well as
- when
- than
- if
Further reading edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Derived from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (“sheep, yak”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jak m anim (genitive singular jaka, nominative plural jaky, genitive plural jakov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “jak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jȃk m anim
- yak (ox-like mammal)
Inflection edit
Masculine anim., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | ják | ||
gen. sing. | jáka | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
ják | jáka | jáki |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
jáka | jákov | jákov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
jáku | jákoma | jákom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
jáka | jáka | jáke |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
jáku | jákih | jákih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
jákom | jákoma | jáki |
Further reading edit
- “jak”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “jak”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Slovincian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
jak (not comparable)
- (interrogative) how
Conjunction edit
jak
Further reading edit
- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “jãk”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[8] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 379
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jak c
- a yak, an ox-like mammal
Declension edit
Declension of jak | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | jak | jaken | jakar | jakarna |
Genitive | jaks | jakens | jakars | jakarnas |
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
Anagrams edit
Volapük edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jak (nominative plural jaks)