lens
English edit
Alternative forms edit
- (misspelling) lense
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”); Medieval Latin later taking on the sense of "lens"; a semantic loan from Arabic عَدْسَة (ʕadsa, “lentil; optic lens”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lens (plural lenses or (obsolete) lens or (rare) lentes)
- An object, usually made of glass, that focuses or defocuses the light that passes through it.
- 2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:
- Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. That’s because the lenses that are excellent at magnifying tiny subjects produce a narrow depth of field.
- A device which focuses or defocuses electron beams.
- (geometry) A convex shape bounded by two circular arcs, joined at their endpoints, the corresponding concave shape being a lune.
- (biology) A genus of the legume family; its bean.
- (anatomy) The transparent crystalline structure in the eye.
- 2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:
- The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail.
- (earth science) A body of rock, ice, or water shaped like a convex lens.
- (programming) A construct used in statically-typed functional programming languages to access nested data structures.
- (by extension, figuratively) A way of looking, literally or figuratively, at something.
- 2004 April 11, Ann Hulbert, “Are the Kids All Right?”, in The New York Times Magazine, page 11:
- If "the public looks at the condition of America's children largely through a negative lens," worries Child Trends […] , "it may be more difficult to […] promote child well-being."
Derived terms edit
- achromatic lens
- Barlow lens
- best form lens
- burning lens
- capsule of lens
- circle contact lens
- circle lens
- close-up lens
- contact lens
- convex lens
- corrective lens
- corrugated lens
- echelon lens
- explosive lens
- eye lens
- field lens
- fish-eye lens
- fisheye lens
- Fresnel lens
- gravitational lens
- immersion lens
- kit lens
- lens blank
- lens board
- lens brush
- lens cap
- lens flare
- lens louse
- lenticel
- lenticular
- lenticule
- lentil
- long-focus lens
- long lens
- macro lens
- magnetic lens
- multiplying lens
- narrow-angle lens
- normal lens
- pancake lens
- pebble lens
- Petzval lens
- prime lens
- shoot the lens
- single lens reflex
- single-lens reflex
- spot lens
- standard lens
- telephotographic lens
- telephoto lens
- varifocal lens
- water lens
- wide-angle lens
- zoom lens
Descendants edit
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Verb edit
lens (third-person singular simple present lenses, present participle lensing, simple past and past participle lensed)
- (transitive, cinematography) To film, shoot.
- 2020 May 7, Katie Rife, “If you’re looking to jump in your seat, make a playdate with Z”, in The Onion AV Club[2]:
- It’s set in an anonymous, upper-middle-class suburb, lensed in the generic gunmetal gray that will one day appear as dated as the fuzzy outlines of ’80s direct-to-video horror movies.
- (geology) To become thinner towards the edges.
Translations edit
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch lens, from Latin lēns (“lentil”).
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
lens (plural lense)
Danish edit
Noun edit
lens n
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”).
Noun edit
lens f (plural lenzen, diminutive lensje n)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Probably related to lans (“lance”).
Noun edit
lens m (plural lenzen, diminutive lensje n)
- (historical) A type of barbless harpoon used for killing whales.
Etymology 3 edit
From Middle Dutch lense, of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant of Middle Dutch lunse (see luns), or perhaps a dialectal borrowing from Old Frisian *lens, *lenis, from Proto-West Germanic *lunis, related to Old English lynis (“linchpin”).
Noun edit
lens f (plural lenzen, diminutive lensje n)
- Alternative form of luns
Etymology 4 edit
Adjective edit
lens (comparative lenzer, superlative meest lens or lenst)
Inflection edit
Inflection of lens | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | lens | |||
inflected | lenze | |||
comparative | lenzer | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | lens | lenzer | het lenst het lenste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | lenze | lenzere | lenste |
n. sing. | lens | lenzer | lenste | |
plural | lenze | lenzere | lenste | |
definite | lenze | lenzere | lenste | |
partitive | lens | lenzers | — |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Petjo: lens
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Etymology 1 edit
Unknown, likely a borrowing from an unidentified source.
Compare Old High German linsa, Lithuanian lęšis, Old Church Slavonic лѧща (lęšta), and Albanian lend (Proto-Albanian *lenta), sounding too similar for a coincidence, however different enough to prohibit reconstruction of a common PIE protoform. May also be related to Ancient Greek λάθυρος (láthuros).
If ultimately a non-IE substrate loanword, locating the source is virtually impossible because cultivation of lentil was widespread in the region since the Neolithic.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lēns f (genitive lentis); third declension
Declension edit
Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -em or -im, ablative singular in -e or -ī).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | lēns | lentēs |
Genitive | lentis | lentium |
Dative | lentī | lentibus |
Accusative | lentem lentim |
lentēs lentīs |
Ablative | lente lentī |
lentibus |
Vocative | lēns | lentēs |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Aromanian: linti
- → Catalan: lent
- Friulian: lint
- → Galician: lente
- → Italian: lente
- → Portuguese: lente
- Romanian: linte
- Sicilian: lenti
- → Spanish: lente
- Venetian: lente
- → Dutch: lens (learned) (see there for further descendants)
- → English: lens (learned) (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-West Germanic: *linsī (see there for further descendants)
Etymology 2 edit
Unknown. According to de Vaan, perhaps a deformed form of what is found as Proto-Slavic *gňìda (“nit”), Proto-Germanic *hnits (“nit”), Ancient Greek κονίς (konís) (gen. κονίδος (konídos)), Armenian անիծ (anic, “nit”); he proposes Proto-Indo-European *dḱ(o)nid- > *dkni-n-d- > *dklind- > Proto-Italic *(d)lind-. However, like the Indo-European cognates, it may be of substrate origin.
Noun edit
lēns f (genitive lendis); third declension
Declension edit
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | lēns | lendēs |
Genitive | lendis | lendum |
Dative | lendī | lendibus |
Accusative | lendem | lendēs |
Ablative | lende | lendibus |
Vocative | lēns | lendēs |
Descendants edit
- Gallo-Romance:
- Late Latin: lendis (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lēns, -tis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334
- Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “lens”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), with additions and corrections of Jacques André, 4th edition, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 351
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “lens, -dis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 5: J L, page 250
Further reading edit
- “lens”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “lens”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- lens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From English lens; ultimately from Latin lēns.
Noun edit
lens (definite accusative lensi, plural lensler)
Declension edit
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | lens | |
Definite accusative | lensi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | lens | lensler |
Definite accusative | lensi | lensleri |
Dative | lense | lenslere |
Locative | lenste | lenslerde |
Ablative | lensten | lenslerden |
Genitive | lensin | lenslerin |