polis
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Noun edit
polis (plural poleis or polises)
- (historical) A Greek city-state.
- 2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books 2007, page 161:
- By the end of the century, poleis had been established throughout the Hellenic world, all bearing a marked family resemblance.
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Scots polis. Doublet of police.
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
polis (countable and uncountable, plural polises)
- (uncountable, Scotland, Ireland, Geordie) The police.
- 1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 328:
- Even in his Ma's womb, you would have had to define Spud less as a foetus, more as a set of dormant drug and personality problems. He'd probably draw the polis onto them through knocking a saltcellar out of the Little Chef.
- (countable, Scotland, Ireland, Geordie) A police officer.
Further reading edit
- Oxford Dictionaries Online. "polis". 2015.
- A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN
Anagrams edit
Azerbaijani edit
Cyrillic | полис | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | پولیس |
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
polis (definite accusative polisi, plural polislər)
Declension edit
Declension of polis | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | polis |
polislər | ||||||
definite accusative | polisi |
polisləri | ||||||
dative | polisə |
polislərə | ||||||
locative | polisdə |
polislərdə | ||||||
ablative | polisdən |
polislərdən | ||||||
definite genitive | polisin |
polislərin |
Cebuano edit
Etymology edit
From English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).
Noun edit
polis
- a police officer; a cop
- a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order
Czech edit
Etymology edit
International learned borrowing Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
polis f (indeclinable)
- polis (ancient Greek city-state)
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From French police (from Italian polizza, q.v.).
Noun edit
polis f (plural polissen, diminutive polisje n)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Indonesian: polis
Etymology 2 edit
International learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis) since the 1970s (probably via English polis).
Noun edit
polis f (plural poleis)
- (historical) A polis; an ancient, especially Ancient Greek, city state or city.
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
polis
- (historical) A Greek city-state.
- 2011, Paavo Castrén, Uusi antiikin historia, Otava, page 117:
- Kreikkalainen polis tuli sekä etruski- että latinalaisten yhteisöjen esikuvaksi – –.
- The Greek polis came to be a role model for Estruscan and Latin communities alike – –
Declension edit
Inflection of polis (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | polis | polikset | ||
genitive | poliksen | polisten poliksien | ||
partitive | polista | poliksia | ||
illative | polikseen | poliksiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | polis | polikset | ||
accusative | nom. | polis | polikset | |
gen. | poliksen | |||
genitive | poliksen | polisten poliksien | ||
partitive | polista | poliksia | ||
inessive | poliksessa | poliksissa | ||
elative | poliksesta | poliksista | ||
illative | polikseen | poliksiin | ||
adessive | poliksella | poliksilla | ||
ablative | polikselta | poliksilta | ||
allative | polikselle | poliksille | ||
essive | poliksena | poliksina | ||
translative | polikseksi | poliksiksi | ||
abessive | poliksetta | poliksitta | ||
instructive | — | poliksin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms edit
- (general) kaupunkivaltio
Related terms edit
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Verb edit
polis
- inflection of polir:
Participle edit
polis m pl
Adjective edit
polis
Anagrams edit
Haitian Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
polis
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Dutch polis (“insurance policy”), from French police (“policy”), from Italian polizza, from Ancient Greek ἀπόδειξις (apódeixis, “proof”). Compare to Malay polisi (“policy”).
Noun edit
polis (first-person possessive polisku, second-person possessive polismu, third-person possessive polisnya)
Derived terms edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
polis (first-person possessive polisku, second-person possessive polismu, third-person possessive polisnya)
- nonstandard form of poles.
Usage notes edit
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay polis.
Further reading edit
- “polis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin edit
Noun edit
polīs
References edit
- polis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “polis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “polis”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
- “polis”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Polish polak, Russian поля́к (polják) (under the influence of Old High German pōl — cf. German, English Pole — and perhaps also of Latvian dialectal bolis, polis (“ox without horns”)), itself derived from Polish pole (“field”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“light (color), gray”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
polis m (2nd declension, feminine form: poliete)
- a Pole, a Polish man, a man born in Poland
- pēc Livonijas kara poļi ieguva Vidzemi un Latgali ― after the Livonian War the Poles obtained Vidzeme and Latgale
- (genitive plural) Polish; pertaining to Poland and its people
- poļu valoda ― the Polish language
- poļu māksla ― Polish art
Declension edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “polis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).
Noun edit
polis (Jawi spelling ڤوليس, plural polis-polis, informal 1st possessive polisku, 2nd possessive polismu, 3rd possessive polisnya)
- (Malaysia, Singapore, Riau) police, a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order.
Usage notes edit
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian polis.
Alternative forms edit
- polisi (Indonesia esp. Riau)
Synonyms edit
- serdadu (Southern Thailand)
Derived terms edit
- anggota polis (“police officer”)
- balai polis (“police station”)
- kereta polis (“police car”)
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
polis (plural polis-polis, informal 1st possessive polisku, 2nd possessive polismu, 3rd possessive polisnya)
- (Indonesia) alternative spelling of polisi (“policy”), see Indonesian polis (“policy”).
Further reading edit
- “polis” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Melayu Riau, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1997, →ISBN, page 308
Papiamentu edit
Etymology edit
From Spanish policía and Portuguese polícia and Dutch politie.
Noun edit
polis
Pijin edit
Noun edit
polis
Portuguese edit
Verb edit
polis
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis).
Noun edit
polis n (plural polisuri)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) polis | polisul | (niște) polisuri | polisurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) polis | polisului | (unor) polisuri | polisurilor |
vocative | polisule | polisurilor |
Scots edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
polis (countable and uncountable, plural polises)
- (uncountable) police
- 1987, Robbie Kydd, ...Auld Zimmery, Mariscat Press 1987:
- 'Listen then. Yer name's Andy MacPhail. That's whit us three has jist tellt the polis in wir statements. Okay?'
- 1991, Dr James Begg, Dipper: 20 - Cops and Robbers, Luath Press:
- ‘Aye, Andra,' cam back the reply. 'We micht as weel caa it a day doun here. The hale bluidy place is hotchin wi polis! Come doun an get us at the Auld Raw.'
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2007, Sheena Blackhall, The Quarry, Lochlands:
- Brian hid contactit his granfaither, Pat, tae see gin the polis computers could raik up onythin ava tae makk eese o in persuadin Bappy Anderson tae pairt wi a kidney.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2013, Pedro Lenz, translated by Donal McLaughlin, Naw Much of a Talker, Freight Books, page 51:
- Coont yirsel lucky ahm naw cawin the polis. Noo fuck off.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1987, Robbie Kydd, ...Auld Zimmery, Mariscat Press 1987:
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective edit
polis
Verb edit
polis
References edit
- http://www.dsl.ac.uk/ - Dictionary of the Scots Language
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
polis m pl or f pl
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “city-state”).
Noun edit
polis f pl (plural only)
Further reading edit
- “polis”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
audio (file)
Noun edit
polis c
- (often in the definite "polisen") police (organization that enforces the law)
- a police officer
- Synonyms: polisman, (dated, now polisassistent) konstapel (“constable”)
Declension edit
Declension of polis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | polis | polisen | poliser | poliserna |
Genitive | polis | polisens | polisers | polisernas |
Colloquial or slang synonyms (police forces) edit
Colloquial or slang synonyms (police officer) edit
Derived terms edit
- militärpolis
- ordningspolis
- polisagent
- polisanmäla
- polisanmälan
- polisarrest
- polisaspirant
- polisassessor
- polisassistent
- polisbefäl
- polisbevaka
- polisbevakning
- polisbil
- polisbricka
- polisbrutalitet
- polisbuss
- polisbåt
- polischef
- polischock
- polisdistrikt
- polisdomstol
- poliseskort
- polisfordon
- polisförhör
- polisförhöra
- polisförstärkning
- polishelikopter
- polishjälp
- polishund
- polishus
- polishäkte
- polishäst
- polishögkvarter
- polishögskola
- polisingripande
- polisinrättning
- polisinsats
- polisinspektör
- polisintendent
- polisiär
- polisjakt
- poliskask
- poliskedja
- poliskommissarie
- poliskonstapel
- poliskontroll
- poliskund
- poliskår
- polislarm
- polisledning
- polislås
- polismakt
- polisman
- polismisshandel
- polismyndighet
- polismästare
- polisofficer
- polisområde
- polisorganisation
- polispatrull
- polispersonal
- polispiket
- polisprotokoll
- polispådrag
- polisradio
- polisrapport
- polisrazzia
- polisregister
- polissamarbete
- polissekreterare
- polissiren
- polisskola
- polisskydd
- polisspärr
- polisstat
- polisstation
- polisstyrelse
- polisstyrka
- polistillstånd
- polistjänsteman
- polisundersökning
- polisuniform
- polisuppbåd
- polisutredning
- polisvakt
- polisvåld
- polisvälde
- polisväsen
- polisväsende
- polisyrket
- polisärende
- polisövervakning
- språkpolis
- säkerhetspolis
References edit
Tok Pisin edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
polis
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
polis
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish پولیس (polis), from French police.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
polis (definite accusative polisi, plural polisler)
- police (an organisation that enforces the law)
- police officer
Usage notes edit
- This term is gender-neutral.
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | polis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | polisi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | polis | polisler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | polisi | polisleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | polise | polislere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | poliste | polislerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | polisten | polislerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | polisin | polislerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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