rok
English edit
Noun edit
rok (plural roks)
- Alternative form of roc
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok (plural rokke, diminutive rokkie)
- A dress.
Descendants edit
Breton edit
Etymology edit
Related to Irish rucas (“pride, arrogance”). Possibly borrowed into English as rogue.[1]
Adjective edit
rok
References edit
- ^ Walter W[illiam] Skeat (1910) “ROGUE”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, new (4th) revised and enlarged edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Clarendon Press, published 1963, →OCLC.
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech rok, from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok m inan
- year, the time it takes a planetary body to complete one revolution around a star
- (sciences) year, exactly 365.25 days
- Synonym: léto
- year, a period between set dates that denotes a year
- Synonym: kalendářní rok
- v tomto roce ― this year
- year, a scheduled part of a year spent in a given activity
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Noun edit
rok
Derived terms edit
Dinka edit
Noun edit
rok (plural rook)
References edit
- Dinka-English Dictionary[2], 2005
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Noun edit
rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)
- skirt (clothing)
- full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
- layer on a bulb such as an onion
- (chiefly historical, otherwise archaic) garment covering the torso
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)
- Alternative form of rokken
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok
- roc (mythical bird)
Usage notes edit
- Often used in the form rok-lintu (“roc-bird”).
Declension edit
Inflection of rok (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | rok | rokit | ||
genitive | rokin | rokien | ||
partitive | rokia | rokeja | ||
illative | rokiin | rokeihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | rok | rokit | ||
accusative | nom. | rok | rokit | |
gen. | rokin | |||
genitive | rokin | rokien | ||
partitive | rokia | rokeja | ||
inessive | rokissa | rokeissa | ||
elative | rokista | rokeista | ||
illative | rokiin | rokeihin | ||
adessive | rokilla | rokeilla | ||
ablative | rokilta | rokeilta | ||
allative | rokille | rokeille | ||
essive | rokina | rokeina | ||
translative | rokiksi | rokeiksi | ||
abessive | rokitta | rokeitta | ||
instructive | — | rokein | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok n (genitive singular roks, nominative plural rok)
Declension edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok
- skirt (clothing)
- full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok
- (music) rock, a style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals.
Further reading edit
- “rok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Kashubian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok m inan
- year (calendar year)
- year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “rok”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego[3] (in Kashubian), page 182
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “rok”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[4], volume 2, page 815
- “rok”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Latvian edit
Verb edit
rok
- third-person singular/plural present indicative of rakt
- (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of rakt
- (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of rakt
Livonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *rokka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *rokka. Cognates include Finnish rokka.
Noun edit
rok
Maranao edit
Noun edit
rok
Related terms edit
- roh (“spirit”)
References edit
- A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya
Masurian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish rok.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok m inan
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Noun edit
rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka or rokene)
- form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by rokk
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Noun edit
rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka)
- alternative spelling of rokk
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok m inan
Declension edit
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | rok | roky | roci, rokové |
genitive | roka, roku | rokú | rokóv |
dative | roku | rokoma | rokóm |
accusative | rok | roky | roky |
vocative | roče | roky | roci, rokové |
locative | rocě, roku | rokú | rociech |
instrumental | rokem | rokoma | roky |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants edit
- Czech: rok
References edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “rok”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok m ?
Declension edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms edit
- roczyć impf
Descendants edit
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “rok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old English rēc, Old Frisian rēk, Old Dutch rouc, Old High German rouh, Old Norse reykr.
Noun edit
rōk m
Descendants edit
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish rok.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /rɔk/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈrɔk/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔk
- Syllabification: rok
- Homophones: rock, Rok
Noun edit
rok m inan (diminutive roczek)
- year (solar year)
- (by extension, astronomy) year (time it takes for any planet to orbit its star)
- year (calendar year)
- year (scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity)
- year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
- (obsolete, law) court case
- (obsolete) engagement, betrothal
- (Middle Polish) indiscriminate length of time
- (Middle Polish) age of a being
- Synonym: wiek
- (Middle Polish) agreed upon length of time for work or employment
- (Middle Polish) time set aside for performing a task
Declension edit
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- coroczny
- roczkowy
- rocznicowy
- rocznikarski
- rocznikowy
- roczny
- (Middle Polish) roczyźni
- Nowy Rok
- pora roku
- (obsolete) roczba
- (archaic) roczeń
- roczniaczek
- (Middle Polish) roczniaczka
- roczniak
- rocznica
- rocznie
- rocznik
- rocznikarstwo
- rocznikarz
- (obsolete) rocznokrąg
- roczność
- (obsolete) roczyć
- (Middle Polish) roczyny
- (Middle Polish) roczyzna
- rok akademicki
- rok Pański
- rok przestępny
- rok szkolny
- rok świetlny
- rok zerowy
- rokować impf
- zostawać na drugi rok impf, zostać na drugi rok pf
Related terms edit
- rzec impf
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rok is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 413 times in news, 297 times in essays, 53 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1025 times, making it the 28th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- rok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- rok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “rok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “ROK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.10.2016
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego[6]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[7]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego[8] (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 555
- rok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Noun edit
rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)
- (uninflected) rock and roll
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish rok.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok m inan
- year (calendar year)
Further reading edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok m inan (genitive singular roka, roku, nominative plural roky, genitive plural rokov, declension pattern of dub)
- year
- Nový rok New Year’s Day
- roku Pána anno Domini
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “rok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
rok (rôk)
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Noun edit
rok (rók)
Ternate edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch rok, possibly through Indonesian rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rok
- a skirt
References edit
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Veps edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *rokko. Cognates include Finnish rokko.
Noun edit
rok
- pox (disease)
Declension edit
Inflection of rok (inflection type 1/ilo) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | rok | ||
genitive sing. | rokon | ||
partitive sing. | rokod | ||
partitive plur. | rokoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | rok | rokod | |
accusative | rokon | rokod | |
genitive | rokon | rokoiden | |
partitive | rokod | rokoid | |
essive-instructive | rokon | rokoin | |
translative | rokoks | rokoikš | |
inessive | rokos | rokoiš | |
elative | rokospäi | rokoišpäi | |
illative | rokoho | rokoihe | |
adessive | rokol | rokoil | |
ablative | rokolpäi | rokoilpäi | |
allative | rokole | rokoile | |
abessive | rokota | rokoita | |
comitative | rokonke | rokoidenke | |
prolative | rokodme | rokoidme | |
approximative I | rokonno | rokoidenno | |
approximative II | rokonnoks | rokoidennoks | |
egressive | rokonnopäi | rokoidennopäi | |
terminative I | rokohosai | rokoihesai | |
terminative II | rokolesai | rokoilesai | |
terminative III | rokossai | — | |
additive I | rokohopäi | rokoihepäi | |
additive II | rokolepäi | rokoilepäi |
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Finnic *rokka.
Noun edit
rok
Declension edit
Inflection of rok (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | rok | ||
genitive sing. | rokan | ||
partitive sing. | rokad | ||
partitive plur. | rokid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | rok | rokad | |
accusative | rokan | rokad | |
genitive | rokan | rokiden | |
partitive | rokad | rokid | |
essive-instructive | rokan | rokin | |
translative | rokaks | rokikš | |
inessive | rokas | rokiš | |
elative | rokaspäi | rokišpäi | |
illative | rokaha | rokihe | |
adessive | rokal | rokil | |
ablative | rokalpäi | rokilpäi | |
allative | rokale | rokile | |
abessive | rokata | rokita | |
comitative | rokanke | rokidenke | |
prolative | rokadme | rokidme | |
approximative I | rokanno | rokidenno | |
approximative II | rokannoks | rokidennoks | |
egressive | rokannopäi | rokidennopäi | |
terminative I | rokahasai | rokihesai | |
terminative II | rokalesai | rokilesai | |
terminative III | rokassai | — | |
additive I | rokahapäi | rokihepäi | |
additive II | rokalepäi | rokilepäi |