sima

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sima"

Languages (20)

English

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Azerbaijani • Cebuano • Ese • Finnish • French • Garo • Hungarian • Iban • Indonesian • Jamamadí • Latin • Malay • Old English • Spanish • Swahili • Tagalog • Tumbuka • Veps • Yámana

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Page categories

English

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -aɪmə

Etymology 1

From the Ancient Greek σιμός (simós, “bent upwards”).

Noun

sima (plural simas)

1. (architecture) The upturned edge of a roof which acts as a gutter; a cyma.

Etymology 2

Coined by Eduard Suess in 1909, in Das Antlitz der Erde, as a blend of silicon +‎ magnesium.

Noun

sima (uncountable)

1. (geology) The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium.

Coordinate terms

• sial
• nife

Derived terms

• simatic
• ensimatic

Translations

lower layer of Earth's outer crust

• Finnish: sima-kerros
• Indonesian: sima (id)

See also

• Si
• KREEP

Anagrams

• AMIs, Amis, ISAM, Isam, M'sia, MIAs, Masi, Mias, Sami, Siam, Sámi, aims, saim, siam

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Persian سیما.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [siˈmɑ]
• Hyphenation: si‧ma

Noun

sima (definite accusative simanı, plural simalar)

1. face

   Synonyms: üz, sifət, bəniz

2. personality (a known person)

   Synonyms: şəxsiyyət, şəxs

Declension

Declension of sima

	singular	plural
nominative	sima	simalar
definite accusative	simanı	simaları
dative	simaya	simalara
locative	simada	simalarda
ablative	simadan	simalardan
definite genitive	simanın	simaların

Possessive forms of sima

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	simam	simalarım
sənin (“your”)	siman	simaların
onun (“his/her/its”)	siması	simaları
bizim (“our”)	simamız	simalarımız
sizin (“your”)	simanız	simalarınız
onların (“their”)	siması or simaları	simaları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	simamı	simalarımı
sənin (“your”)	simanı	simalarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	simasını	simalarını
bizim (“our”)	simamızı	simalarımızı
sizin (“your”)	simanızı	simalarınızı
onların (“their”)	simasını or simalarını	simalarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	simama	simalarıma
sənin (“your”)	simana	simalarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	simasına	simalarına
bizim (“our”)	simamıza	simalarımıza
sizin (“your”)	simanıza	simalarınıza
onların (“their”)	simasına or simalarına	simalarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	simamda	simalarımda
sənin (“your”)	simanda	simalarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	simasında	simalarında
bizim (“our”)	simamızda	simalarımızda
sizin (“your”)	simanızda	simalarınızda
onların (“their”)	simasında or simalarında	simalarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	simamdan	simalarımdan
sənin (“your”)	simandan	simalarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	simasından	simalarından
bizim (“our”)	simamızdan	simalarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	simanızdan	simalarınızdan
onların (“their”)	simasından or simalarından	simalarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	simamın	simalarımın
sənin (“your”)	simanın	simalarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	simasının	simalarının
bizim (“our”)	simamızın	simalarımızın
sizin (“your”)	simanızın	simalarınızın
onların (“their”)	simasının or simalarının	simalarının

Further reading

• “sima” in Obastan.com.

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: si‧ma

Noun

sima

1. a barb; a fluke

Derived terms

• sima-sima

Ese

Noun

sima

1. needle (usually made from flying fox bone)

Finnish

sima in a glass

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sima, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *saimaz (compare German Seim (“syrup”), Old Norse seimr (“honeycomb”)). The original meaning was “mead”, but the common meaning now refers to a different beverage, albeit one that is ultimately developed from mead.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsimɑ/, [ˈs̠imɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -imɑ
• Syllabification^(key): si‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): si‧ma

Noun

sima

1. a nonalcoholic or low-alcohol drink made from lemon, various sugars and water, common around vappu (“May Day”)
2. (dated) mead

Declension

Inflection of sima (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		sima	simat
genitive		siman	simojen
partitive		simaa	simoja
illative		simaan	simoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		sima	simat
accusative	nom.	sima	simat
	gen.	siman
genitive		siman	simojen simain rare
partitive		simaa	simoja
inessive		simassa	simoissa
elative		simasta	simoista
illative		simaan	simoihin
adessive		simalla	simoilla
ablative		simalta	simoilta
allative		simalle	simoille
essive		simana	simoina
translative		simaksi	simoiksi
abessive		simatta	simoitta
instructive		—	simoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of sima (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative simani simani accusative nom. simani simani gen. simani genitive simani simojeni simaini rare partitive simaani simojani inessive simassani simoissani elative simastani simoistani illative simaani simoihini adessive simallani simoillani ablative simaltani simoiltani allative simalleni simoilleni essive simanani simoinani translative simakseni simoikseni abessive simattani simoittani instructive — — comitative — simoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative simasi simasi accusative nom. simasi simasi gen. simasi genitive simasi simojesi simaisi rare partitive simaasi simojasi inessive simassasi simoissasi elative simastasi simoistasi illative simaasi simoihisi adessive simallasi simoillasi ablative simaltasi simoiltasi allative simallesi simoillesi essive simanasi simoinasi translative simaksesi simoiksesi abessive simattasi simoittasi instructive — — comitative — simoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative simamme simamme accusative nom. simamme simamme gen. simamme genitive simamme simojemme simaimme rare partitive simaamme simojamme inessive simassamme simoissamme elative simastamme simoistamme illative simaamme simoihimme adessive simallamme simoillamme ablative simaltamme simoiltamme allative simallemme simoillemme essive simanamme simoinamme translative simaksemme simoiksemme abessive simattamme simoittamme instructive — — comitative — simoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative simanne simanne accusative nom. simanne simanne gen. simanne genitive simanne simojenne simainne rare partitive simaanne simojanne inessive simassanne simoissanne elative simastanne simoistanne illative simaanne simoihinne adessive simallanne simoillanne ablative simaltanne simoiltanne allative simallenne simoillenne essive simananne simoinanne translative simaksenne simoiksenne abessive simattanne simoittanne instructive — — comitative — simoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative simansa simansa accusative nom. simansa simansa gen. simansa genitive simansa simojensa simainsa rare partitive simaansa simojaan simojansa inessive simassaan simassansa simoissaan simoissansa elative simastaan simastansa simoistaan simoistansa illative simaansa simoihinsa adessive simallaan simallansa simoillaan simoillansa ablative simaltaan simaltansa simoiltaan simoiltansa allative simalleen simallensa simoilleen simoillensa essive simanaan simanansa simoinaan simoinansa translative simakseen simaksensa simoikseen simoiksensa abessive simattaan simattansa simoittaan simoittansa instructive — — comitative — simoineen simoinensa

Synonyms

• (mead): hunajaviini

Derived terms

• simake

compounds

• juhannussima
• kotisima
• simanuppiseitikki
• simapanimo
• simapullo
• vappusima

Further reading

• “sima”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• Sami, Siam, amis, masi, siam

French

Noun

sima m (plural simas)

1. (geology) sima

Further reading

• “sima”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Garo

Noun

sima

1. rotten food

Hungarian

(3) sima vizű tó

(6) sima spirálfüzet

(7) sima és cukormentes kóla

Etymology

Uncertain. Either derived from regional simik (“to slide”), or from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃimɒ]
• Hyphenation: si‧ma
• Rhymes: -mɒ

Adjective

sima (comparative simább, superlative legsimább)

1. smooth, sleek (having a texture that lacks friction)

   Antonym: érdes

   • 1984–1985, Tivadar Vida, “Újabb adatok az avarkori...”, in A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve‎^[2], number 2:

     A fekete kerámiák felülete sima, kissé nyers tapintású.

     The surface of black ceramics is smooth, somewhat raw to the touch.

2. flat, even, smooth (of land, road or ground, lacking elevations or protuberances)

   Antonyms: hepehupás, göröngyös

   • 2006, “Űrszonda az ltokawa kisbolygónál”, in Meteor‎^[3], volume 36, number 9:

     A sziklákkal borított terület és a sima síkság átmenete.

     It is a transition between a terrain covered with rocks and a flat plain.

3. smooth (of a body of water, without ripples or waves)
   • 1859, Arnold Vértesi, “Sanpietro”, in Történeti beszélyek, volume II:

     Csendes volt a tenger, egy sima víztükör, melyen az ég képe ragyogott.

     The sea was calm, a smooth water surface on which the sky's reflection was shining.

4. smooth (pleasant to the senses, especially of sounds or tastes)
   • 1994, “Király Ernő”, in György Székely, Margit Török, editors, Magyar színházművészeti lexikon:

     Eredeti játékstílusa, sima, kellemesen csengő hangja újdonságként hatott.

     His original acting style and his smooth, pleasant voice came as a novelty.

5. plain (not having any pattern, print or decoration)
   • 2013, Mats Strandberg, Sara Bergmark Elfgren, chapter 77, in Vanda Péteri, transl., Engelsfors, volume II:

     Arcán semmi festék, és egy sima fekete ruhát visel.

     There's no paint on her face, and she's wearing a plain black dress.

6. blank (of paper, without any printed grid or lines)

   Coordinate terms: négyzethálós, kockás, vonalas

   • 2011, Kata Finta, Életem regénye‎^[4], volume II:

     Nagy, sima füzetben térképeket kellett rajzolnunk.

     We had to draw maps in a big blank notebook.

7. plain, regular, ordinary (out of several varieties, the basic one without anything extra)
   • 2013, Éva Fejős, “Anisette”, in Most kezdődik:

     Hát... töltetlent. Vagy töltöttet. Mandulást. Vagy mogyoróst. Vagy simát.

     Well... without filling. Or with filling. With almonds. Or nuts. Or plain.

8. continuous, smooth, unbroken (of a motion, without interruption)
   • 1908, Géza Csáth, “Jolán”, in A varázsló kertje‎^[5]:

     A mozdulatai éppen olyan simák és puhák, mint azelőtt.

     Her movements are just as smooth and soft as before.

9. (figurative) smooth, simple, easy (without difficulty, problems or unexpected incidents)
   • 2009, András Jenei, chapter VII, in Nyeregben a Konstantin-kereszt‎^[6]:

     De, sima ügynek indult, de aztán reanimálás lett a vége.

     Yes, it had started out as a simple case, but then it ended in CPR.

10. (knitting) knit (of a stitch, passing through the previous loop from below, creating a V-shape)

    Antonym: fordított

    • 1982, József Méliusz, Tranzit kávéház:

      Egy sima, egy fordított, egy sima, egy fordított.

      Knit one, purl one, knit one, purl one.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	sima	simák
accusative	simát	simákat
dative	simának	simáknak
instrumental	simával	simákkal
causal-final	simáért	simákért
translative	simává	simákká
terminative	simáig	simákig
essive-formal	simaként	simákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	simában	simákban
superessive	simán	simákon
adessive	simánál	simáknál
illative	simába	simákba
sublative	simára	simákra
allative	simához	simákhoz
elative	simából	simákból
delative	simáról	simákról
ablative	simától	simáktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	simáé	simáké
non-attributive possessive – plural	simáéi	simákéi

Derived terms

• simán
• simít
• simogat
• simul

Compound words

• simaizom
• tükörsima

Expressions

• sima víz

Further reading

• sima in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Iban

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /simaʔ/

Noun

sima

1. navel (of a snake)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ma/
• Rhymes: -ma, -a
• Hyphenation: si‧ma

Etymology 1

Blend of silika +‎ magnesia, borrowed from English sima (“lower layer of Earth's outer crust”).

Noun

sima (plural sima-sima)

1. (geology) sima: The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium

Alternative forms

• silika magnesia

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sīma, from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).

Noun

sima (plural sima-sima)

1. (archaeology) territory that is made or has a holy place and is exempt from taxes

   Synonym: perdikan

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Nias [Term?].

Verb

sima

1. to give food to toddlers by chewing them first

Further reading

• “sima” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Jamamadí

Noun

sima

1. (Banawá) sister

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Latin

Adjective

sīma

1. inflection of sīmus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Adjective

sīmā

1. ablative feminine singular of sīmus

References

• “sima”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "sima", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “sima”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[7]
• “sima”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Malay

Etymology

Either from English sima or a blend of silikon (“silicon”) +‎ magnesium.

Noun

sima

1. (geology) sima

Further reading

• “sima” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sīmô (“rope, cord”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁i- (“to tie, bind”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsiː.mɑ/

Noun

sīma m

1. cord, rope

Declension

Weak:

	singular	plural
nominative	sīma	sīman
accusative	sīman	sīman
genitive	sīman	sīmena
dative	sīman	sīmum

References

• Joseph Bosworth, T. Northcote Toller (1898) “sīma”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Spanish

Etymology

Unknown.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsima/ [ˈsi.ma]
• Rhymes: -ima
• Syllabification: si‧ma
• Homophone: (Latin America) cima

Noun

sima f (plural simas)

1. abyss, chasm

   Synonyms: abismo, precipicio

   • 2021 August 26, Eva Saiz, “Los desenterradores de la memoria en la fosa de Pico Reja”, in El País‎^[8]:

     Pasan casi tan desapercibidas como lo estuvo durante ocho décadas esta sima en la que se arrojaron centenares de cadáveres de represaliados durante el verano de 1936 y la posguerra franquista.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Further reading

• “sima”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

sima class IX (plural sima class X)

1. (dialectal) synonym of ugali

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *símaq (“barb of a hook”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈsimaʔ/ [ˈsiː.mɐʔ] (“quill; feather; barb”, noun)
    • Rhymes: -imaʔ
  • IPA^(key): /siˈmaʔ/ [sɪˈmaʔ] (“dip net; cover pot”, noun)
    • Rhymes: -aʔ
• Syllabification: si‧ma

Noun

simà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ)

1. quill or feather at the end of an arrow shaft
2. barb (point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc.)

Derived terms

• ipagsima
• magsima
• pagsimain
• pasimaan

See also

• tinik

Noun

simâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ) (fishing)

1. small, triangularly framed dip net (used for catching shrimp and fish from a fish shelter)
2. cover pot for catching fish (similar to a salakab)
3. catching of shrimp and fish with such a tool

Derived terms

• simaan
• simain

Further reading

• “sima”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

• mais, amis, Siam, asim, misa

Tumbuka

Noun

sima class 9 (plural sima class 10)

1. nshima (porridge made from maize or sorghum)

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *siima.

Noun

sima

1. fishing line

Inflection

Inflection of sima (inflection type 5/sana)
nominative sing.	sima
genitive sing.	siman
partitive sing.	simad
partitive plur.	simoid
	singular	plural
nominative	sima	simad
accusative	siman	simad
genitive	siman	simoiden
partitive	simad	simoid
essive-instructive	siman	simoin
translative	simaks	simoikš
inessive	simas	simoiš
elative	simaspäi	simoišpäi
illative	simaha	simoihe
adessive	simal	simoil
ablative	simalpäi	simoilpäi
allative	simale	simoile
abessive	simata	simoita
comitative	simanke	simoidenke
prolative	simadme	simoidme
approximative I	simanno	simoidenno
approximative II	simannoks	simoidennoks
egressive	simannopäi	simoidennopäi
terminative I	simahasai	simoihesai
terminative II	simalesai	simoilesai
terminative III	simassai	—
additive I	simahapäi	simoihepäi
additive II	simalepäi	simoilepäi

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “леска”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[9], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Yámana

Noun

sima

1. water