vuka

See also: Vuka

Fanagalo

Etymology

From Zulu -vuka, from Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

vuka

1. to wake up
2. to rise

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vúka

1. to wake up

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

vuka

1. genitive/accusative singular of vuk

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vúka

1. to wake up

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Verb

-vuka (infinitive kuvuka)

1. to cross, to cross over

Conjugation

Conjugation of -vuka
Positive present -navuka Subjunctive -vuke Negative -vuki Imperative singular vuka
Infinitives
Positive kuvuka Negative kutovuka
Imperatives
Singular vuka Plural vukeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huvuka Positive past positive subject concord + -livuka Negative past negative subject concord + -kuvuka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -navuka) Singular Plural 1st person ninavuka/navuka tunavuka 2nd person unavuka mnavuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anavuka wanavuka other classes positive subject concord + -navuka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -vuki) Singular Plural 1st person sivuki hatuvuki 2nd person huvuki hamvuki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) havuki hawavuki other classes negative subject concord + -vuki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tavuka Negative future negative subject concord + -tavuka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vuke) Singular Plural 1st person nivuke tuvuke 2nd person uvuke mvuke 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avuke wavuke other classes positive subject concord + -vuke
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sivuke Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngevuka Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singevuka Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalivuka Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalivuka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avuka) Singular Plural 1st person navuka twavuka 2nd person wavuka mwavuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avuka wavuka m-mi(III/IV) wavuka yavuka ji-ma(V/VI) lavuka yavuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) chavuka vyavuka n(IX/X) yavuka zavuka u(XI) wavuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwavuka pa(XVI) pavuka mu(XVIII) mwavuka
Perfect positive subject concord + -mevuka "Already" positive subject concord + -meshavuka "Not yet" negative subject concord + -javuka "If/When" positive subject concord + -kivuka "If not" positive subject concord + -sipovuka Consecutive kavuka / positive subject concord + -kavuka Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kavuke
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nivuka -tuvuka 2nd person -kuvuka -wavuka/-kuvukeni/-wavukeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mvuka -wavuka m-mi(III/IV) -uvuka -ivuka ji-ma(V/VI) -livuka -yavuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kivuka -vivuka n(IX/X) -ivuka -zivuka u(XI) -uvuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuvuka pa(XVI) -pavuka mu(XVIII) -muvuka Reflexive -jivuka
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vuka- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -vukaye -vukao m-mi(III/IV) -vukao -vukayo ji-ma(V/VI) -vukalo -vukayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -vukacho -vukavyo n(IX/X) -vukayo -vukazo u(XI) -vukao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -vukako pa(XVI) -vukapo mu(XVIII) -vukamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vuka) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yevuka -ovuka m-mi(III/IV) -ovuka -yovuka ji-ma(V/VI) -lovuka -yovuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chovuka -vyovuka n(IX/X) -yovuka -zovuka u(XI) -ovuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kovuka pa(XVI) -povuka mu(XVIII) -movuka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • kivuko (“bridge or crossing”)

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vuka

1. to wake up
2. to get up

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vúka

1. (intransitive) to wake up

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vúka

1. (intransitive) to wake up, to awaken
2. (intransitive) to rise from the dead, to be resurrected
3. (intransitive) to rise, to get up
4. (intransitive) to get into a rage

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuvuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuvuka	ukungavuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	vuka	-vuke
Plural	vukani	-vukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyavuka, ngivuka	engivukayo, engivuka	ngivuka	angivuki	engingavuki	ngingavuki
2nd singular	uyavuka, uvuka	ovukayo, ovuka	uvuka	awuvuki	ongavuki	ungavuki
1st plural	siyavuka, sivuka	esivukayo, esivuka	sivuka	asivuki	esingavuki	singavuki
2nd plural	niyavuka, nivuka	enivukayo, enivuka	nivuka	anivuki	eningavuki	ningavuki
Class 1	uyavuka, uvuka	ovukayo, ovuka	evuka	akavuki	ongavuki	engavuki
Class 2	bayavuka, bavuka	abavukayo, abavuka	bevuka	abavuki	abangavuki	bengavuki
Class 3	uyavuka, uvuka	ovukayo, ovuka	uvuka	awuvuki	ongavuki	ungavuki
Class 4	iyavuka, ivuka	evukayo, evuka	ivuka	ayivuki	engavuki	ingavuki
Class 5	liyavuka, livuka	elivukayo, elivuka	livuka	alivuki	elingavuki	lingavuki
Class 6	ayavuka, avuka	avukayo, avuka	evuka	awavuki	angavuki	engavuki
Class 7	siyavuka, sivuka	esivukayo, esivuka	sivuka	asivuki	esingavuki	singavuki
Class 8	ziyavuka, zivuka	ezivukayo, ezivuka	zivuka	azivuki	ezingavuki	zingavuki
Class 9	iyavuka, ivuka	evukayo, evuka	ivuka	ayivuki	engavuki	ingavuki
Class 10	ziyavuka, zivuka	ezivukayo, ezivuka	zivuka	azivuki	ezingavuki	zingavuki
Class 11	luyavuka, luvuka	oluvukayo, oluvuka	luvuka	aluvuki	olungavuki	lungavuki
Class 14	buyavuka, buvuka	obuvukayo, obuvuka	buvuka	abuvuki	obungavuki	bungavuki
Class 15	kuyavuka, kuvuka	okuvukayo, okuvuka	kuvuka	akuvuki	okungavuki	kungavuki
Class 17	kuyavuka, kuvuka	okuvukayo, okuvuka	kuvuka	akuvuki	okungavuki	kungavuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngivukile, ngivukē	engivukile, engivukē	ngivukile, ngivukē	angivukanga	engingavukanga	ngingavukanga
2nd singular	uvukile, uvukē	ovukile, ovukē	uvukile, uvukē	awuvukanga	ongavukanga	ungavukanga
1st plural	sivukile, sivukē	esivukile, esivukē	sivukile, sivukē	asivukanga	esingavukanga	singavukanga
2nd plural	nivukile, nivukē	enivukile, enivukē	nivukile, nivukē	anivukanga	eningavukanga	ningavukanga
Class 1	uvukile, uvukē	ovukile, ovukē	evukile, evukē	akavukanga	ongavukanga	engavukanga
Class 2	bavukile, bavukē	abavukile, abavukē	bevukile, bevukē	abavukanga	abangavukanga	bengavukanga
Class 3	uvukile, uvukē	ovukile, ovukē	uvukile, uvukē	awuvukanga	ongavukanga	ungavukanga
Class 4	ivukile, ivukē	evukile, evukē	ivukile, ivukē	ayivukanga	engavukanga	ingavukanga
Class 5	livukile, livukē	elivukile, elivukē	livukile, livukē	alivukanga	elingavukanga	lingavukanga
Class 6	avukile, avukē	avukile, avukē	evukile, evukē	awavukanga	angavukanga	engavukanga
Class 7	sivukile, sivukē	esivukile, esivukē	sivukile, sivukē	asivukanga	esingavukanga	singavukanga
Class 8	zivukile, zivukē	ezivukile, ezivukē	zivukile, zivukē	azivukanga	ezingavukanga	zingavukanga
Class 9	ivukile, ivukē	evukile, evukē	ivukile, ivukē	ayivukanga	engavukanga	ingavukanga
Class 10	zivukile, zivukē	ezivukile, ezivukē	zivukile, zivukē	azivukanga	ezingavukanga	zingavukanga
Class 11	luvukile, luvukē	oluvukile, oluvukē	luvukile, luvukē	aluvukanga	olungavukanga	lungavukanga
Class 14	buvukile, buvukē	obuvukile, obuvukē	buvukile, buvukē	abuvukanga	obungavukanga	bungavukanga
Class 15	kuvukile, kuvukē	okuvukile, okuvukē	kuvukile, kuvukē	akuvukanga	okungavukanga	kungavukanga
Class 17	kuvukile, kuvukē	okuvukile, okuvukē	kuvukile, kuvukē	akuvukanga	okungavukanga	kungavukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāvuka	engāvuka	ngāvuka	angivukanga	engingavukanga	ngingavukanga
2nd singular	wāvuka	owāvuka	wāvuka	awuvukanga	ongavukanga	ungavukanga
1st plural	sāvuka	esāvuka	sāvuka	asivukanga	esingavukanga	singavukanga
2nd plural	nāvuka	enāvuka	nāvuka	anivukanga	eningavukanga	ningavukanga
Class 1	wāvuka	owāvuka	āvuka	akavukanga	ongavukanga	engavukanga
Class 2	bāvuka	abāvuka	bāvuka	abavukanga	abangavukanga	bengavukanga
Class 3	wāvuka	owāvuka	wāvuka	awuvukanga	ongavukanga	ungavukanga
Class 4	yāvuka	eyāvuka	yāvuka	ayivukanga	engavukanga	ingavukanga
Class 5	lāvuka	elāvuka	lāvuka	alivukanga	elingavukanga	lingavukanga
Class 6	āvuka	āvuka	āvuka	awavukanga	angavukanga	engavukanga
Class 7	sāvuka	esāvuka	sāvuka	asivukanga	esingavukanga	singavukanga
Class 8	zāvuka	ezāvuka	zāvuka	azivukanga	ezingavukanga	zingavukanga
Class 9	yāvuka	eyāvuka	yāvuka	ayivukanga	engavukanga	ingavukanga
Class 10	zāvuka	ezāvuka	zāvuka	azivukanga	ezingavukanga	zingavukanga
Class 11	lwāvuka	olwāvuka	lwāvuka	aluvukanga	olungavukanga	lungavukanga
Class 14	bāvuka	obāvuka	bāvuka	abuvukanga	obungavukanga	bungavukanga
Class 15	kwāvuka	okwāvuka	kwāvuka	akuvukanga	okungavukanga	kungavukanga
Class 17	kwāvuka	okwāvuka	kwāvuka	akuvukanga	okungavukanga	kungavukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingavuka	—	ngingavuka	ngingevuke	—	ngingevuke
2nd singular	ungavuka	—	ungavuka	ungevuke	—	ungevuke
1st plural	singavuka	—	singavuka	singevuke	—	singevuke
2nd plural	ningavuka	—	ningavuka	ningevuke	—	ningevuke
Class 1	angavuka	—	engavuka	angevuke	—	engevuke
Class 2	bangavuka	—	bengavuka	bangevuke	—	bengevuke
Class 3	ungavuka	—	ungavuka	ungevuke	—	ungevuke
Class 4	ingavuka	—	ingavuka	ingevuke	—	ingevuke
Class 5	lingavuka	—	lingavuka	lingevuke	—	lingevuke
Class 6	angavuka	—	engavuka	angevuke	—	engevuke
Class 7	singavuka	—	singavuka	singevuke	—	singevuke
Class 8	zingavuka	—	zingavuka	zingevuke	—	zingevuke
Class 9	ingavuka	—	ingavuka	ingevuke	—	ingevuke
Class 10	zingavuka	—	zingavuka	zingevuke	—	zingevuke
Class 11	lungavuka	—	lungavuka	lungevuke	—	lungevuke
Class 14	bungavuka	—	bungavuka	bungevuke	—	bungevuke
Class 15	kungavuka	—	kungavuka	kungevuke	—	kungevuke
Class 17	kungavuka	—	kungavuka	kungevuke	—	kungevuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizovuka	engizovuka	ngizovuka	angizuvuka	engingezuvuka	ngingezuvuka
2nd singular	uzovuka	ozovuka	uzovuka	awuzuvuka	ongezuvuka	ungezuvuka
1st plural	sizovuka	esizovuka	sizovuka	asizuvuka	esingezuvuka	singezuvuka
2nd plural	nizovuka	enizovuka	nizovuka	anizuvuka	eningezuvuka	ningezuvuka
Class 1	uzovuka	ozovuka	ezovuka	akazuvuka	ongezuvuka	engezuvuka
Class 2	bazovuka	abazovuka	bezovuka	abazuvuka	abangezuvuka	bengezuvuka
Class 3	uzovuka	ozovuka	uzovuka	awuzuvuka	ongezuvuka	ungezuvuka
Class 4	izovuka	ezovuka	izovuka	ayizuvuka	engezuvuka	ingezuvuka
Class 5	lizovuka	elizovuka	lizovuka	alizuvuka	elingezuvuka	lingezuvuka
Class 6	azovuka	azovuka	ezovuka	awazuvuka	angezuvuka	engezuvuka
Class 7	sizovuka	esizovuka	sizovuka	asizuvuka	esingezuvuka	singezuvuka
Class 8	zizovuka	ezizovuka	zizovuka	azizuvuka	ezingezuvuka	zingezuvuka
Class 9	izovuka	ezovuka	izovuka	ayizuvuka	engezuvuka	ingezuvuka
Class 10	zizovuka	ezizovuka	zizovuka	azizuvuka	ezingezuvuka	zingezuvuka
Class 11	luzovuka	oluzovuka	luzovuka	aluzuvuka	olungezuvuka	lungezuvuka
Class 14	buzovuka	obuzovuka	buzovuka	abuzuvuka	obungezuvuka	bungezuvuka
Class 15	kuzovuka	okuzovuka	kuzovuka	akuzuvuka	okungezuvuka	kungezuvuka
Class 17	kuzovuka	okuzovuka	kuzovuka	akuzuvuka	okungezuvuka	kungezuvuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyovuka	engiyovuka	ngiyovuka	angiyuvuka	engingeyuvuka	ngingeyuvuka
2nd singular	uyovuka	oyovuka	uyovuka	awuyuvuka	ongeyuvuka	ungeyuvuka
1st plural	siyovuka	esiyovuka	siyovuka	asiyuvuka	esingeyuvuka	singeyuvuka
2nd plural	niyovuka	eniyovuka	niyovuka	aniyuvuka	eningeyuvuka	ningeyuvuka
Class 1	uyovuka	oyovuka	eyovuka	akayuvuka	ongeyuvuka	engeyuvuka
Class 2	bayovuka	abayovuka	beyovuka	abayuvuka	abangeyuvuka	bengeyuvuka
Class 3	uyovuka	oyovuka	uyovuka	awuyuvuka	ongeyuvuka	ungeyuvuka
Class 4	iyovuka	eyovuka	iyovuka	ayiyuvuka	engeyuvuka	ingeyuvuka
Class 5	liyovuka	eliyovuka	liyovuka	aliyuvuka	elingeyuvuka	lingeyuvuka
Class 6	ayovuka	ayovuka	eyovuka	awayuvuka	angeyuvuka	engeyuvuka
Class 7	siyovuka	esiyovuka	siyovuka	asiyuvuka	esingeyuvuka	singeyuvuka
Class 8	ziyovuka	eziyovuka	ziyovuka	aziyuvuka	ezingeyuvuka	zingeyuvuka
Class 9	iyovuka	eyovuka	iyovuka	ayiyuvuka	engeyuvuka	ingeyuvuka
Class 10	ziyovuka	eziyovuka	ziyovuka	aziyuvuka	ezingeyuvuka	zingeyuvuka
Class 11	luyovuka	oluyovuka	luyovuka	aluyuvuka	olungeyuvuka	lungeyuvuka
Class 14	buyovuka	obuyovuka	buyovuka	abuyuvuka	obungeyuvuka	bungeyuvuka
Class 15	kuyovuka	okuyovuka	kuyovuka	akuyuvuka	okungeyuvuka	kungeyuvuka
Class 17	kuyovuka	okuyovuka	kuyovuka	akuyuvuka	okungeyuvuka	kungeyuvuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngivuke	ngingavuki
2nd singular	uvuke	ungavuki
1st plural	sivuke	singavuki
2nd plural	nivuke	ningavuki
Class 1	avuke	angavuki
Class 2	bavuke	bangavuki
Class 3	uvuke	ungavuki
Class 4	ivuke	ingavuki
Class 5	livuke	lingavuki
Class 6	avuke	angavuki
Class 7	sivuke	singavuki
Class 8	zivuke	zingavuki
Class 9	ivuke	ingavuki
Class 10	zivuke	zingavuki
Class 11	luvuke	lungavuki
Class 14	buvuke	bungavuki
Class 15	kuvuke	kungavuki
Class 17	kuvuke	kungavuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngavuka	ngangavuka, angavuka, angangavuka
2nd singular	wavuka	wangavuka, awavuka, awangavuka
1st plural	savuka	sangavuka, asavuka, asangavuka
2nd plural	navuka	nangavuka, anavuka, anangavuka
Class 1	wavuka	wangavuka, akavuka, akangavuka
Class 2	bavuka	bangavuka, abavuka, abangavuka
Class 3	wavuka	wangavuka, awavuka, awangavuka
Class 4	yavuka	yangavuka, ayavuka, ayangavuka
Class 5	lavuka	langavuka, alavuka, alangavuka
Class 6	avuka	angavuka, awavuka, awangavuka
Class 7	savuka	sangavuka, asavuka, asangavuka
Class 8	zavuka	zangavuka, azavuka, azangavuka
Class 9	yavuka	yangavuka, ayavuka, ayangavuka
Class 10	zavuka	zangavuka, azavuka, azangavuka
Class 11	lwavuka	lwangavuka, alwavuka, alwangavuka
Class 14	bavuka	bangavuka, abavuka, abangavuka
Class 15	kwavuka	kwangavuka, akwavuka, akwangavuka
Class 17	kwavuka	kwangavuka, akwavuka, akwangavuka

Derived terms

• -vukela (applicative)
• -vukisa, -vusa (causative)
• -vukeka (neuter-passive)
• -vukwa (passive)
• -vukile (stative)
• ivuka
• imvuka
• umvuka
• uvuko

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vuka (6-3.9)”