惑

See also: 感

惑	U+60D1, 惑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60D1

← 惐
[U+60D0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

惒 →
[U+60D2]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

惑 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 戈一心 (IMP), four-corner 5333₀, composition ⿱或心)

Derived characters edit

𰈪, 𤏘, 𪏤

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 390, character 34
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10789
Dae Jaweon: page 725, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2309, character 9
Unihan data for U+60D1

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		惑

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
幗	kʷɯːɡs, kʷrɯːɡ
慖	kʷɯːɡs, kʷrɯːɡ
簂	*kʷɯːɡs
蔮	*kʷɯːɡs
國	*kʷɯːɡ
或	*ɡʷɯːɡ
惑	*ɡʷɯːɡ
蜮	ɡʷɯːɡ, ɢʷrɯɡ
閾	*qʰʷrɯɡ
緎	qʰʷrɯɡ, ɡʷrɯɡ
淢	qʰʷrɯɡ, ɡʷrɯɡ
域	*ɢʷrɯɡ
罭	*ɢʷrɯɡ
棫	*ɡʷrɯɡ
琙	*ɡʷrɯɡ
魊	*ɡʷrɯɡ
馘	*kʷrɯːɡ
聝	*kʷrɯːɡ
膕	*kʷrɯːɡ
摑	*kʷrɯːɡ
漍	*kʷrɯːɡ
嘓	*kʷrɯːɡ
蟈	*kʷrɯːɡ
掝	*qʰʷrɯːɡ
彧	*qʷrɯɡ
稶	*qʷɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷɯːɡ) : phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waak⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): hĕ̤k
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): he̍k / hia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huò
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huò
  - Wade–Giles: huo⁴
  - Yale: hwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
  - Palladius: хо (xo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: waak⁶
  - Yale: waahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːk̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hĕ̤k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /høyʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiak
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiak̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: hwok

Rime
Character	惑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	登 (132)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡國切
Baxter	hwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwək̚/
Li Rong	/ɣuək̚/
Wang Li	/ɣuək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wak⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huò
Middle Chinese	‹ hwok ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁək/
English	deceive
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惑
Reading #	1/1
No.	5549
Phonetic component	或
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	或
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷɯːɡ/

Definitions edit

惑

confused; puzzled; deluded
大惑不解 ― dàhuòbùjiě ― much confused, unable to explain
- 子曰：「知者不惑，仁者不憂，勇者不懼。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「知者不惑，仁者不忧，勇者不惧。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Zǐ yuē: “Zhī zhě bù huò, rén zhě bù yōu, yǒng zhě bù jù.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "The wise are not confused, the benevolent do not worry, and the brave do not fear.
- 三人行而一人惑，所適者猶可致也，惑者少也；二人惑則勞而不至，惑者勝也；而今也以天下惑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  三人行而一人惑，所适者犹可致也，惑者少也；二人惑则劳而不至，惑者胜也；而今也以天下惑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Sān rén xíng ér yī rén huò, suǒ shì zhě yóu kě zhì yě, huò zhě shào yě; èr rén huò zé láo ér bù zhì, huò zhě shèng yě; ér jīn yě yǐ tiānxià huò. [Pinyin]
  If three people walk and one of them is deluded, they can still reach the place they are heading for; the deluded are in the minority. If two [of the three] are deluded, they will toil but never arrive; the deluded are in the majority. And today, All Under Heaven is deluded.
to confuse; to delude; to mislead
妖言惑眾／妖言惑众 ― yāoyánhuòzhòng ― to speak deceit and delude the masses
- 此六子者，世之所高也，孰論之，皆以利惑其真而強反其情性，其行乃甚可羞也！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  此六子者，世之所高也，孰论之，皆以利惑其真而强反其情性，其行乃甚可羞也！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Cǐ liù zǐ zhě, shì zhī suǒ gāo yě, shú lùn zhī, jiē yǐ lì huò qí zhēn ér qiáng fǎn qí qíngxìng, qí xíng nǎi shèn kě xiū yě! [Pinyin]
  These six lords are those who are honored by the world. Carefully consider them. They all muddled their genuineness for the sake of profit, and forced themselves to turn away from their inherent nature. Their actions are really to be ashamed of!
(literary) to infatuate; to be obsessed with, to be infatuated with
(Buddhism) sensory delusion