đó
See also: Appendix:Variations of "do"
Vietnamese edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Mon-Khmer *tɔʔ (“that, there”). Cognate with Khmer ដ៏ (dɑɑ) and Bahnar to.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
- that place over there
- Synonym: đấy
- Đứng đó làm gì ?
- Whatcha doin' over there?
- that person/thing over there
- Đây là phòng khách. Đó là phòng ngủ.
- This is the living room. That is the bedroom.
- that idea/notion I/we've just described/discussed
- Gặp lại nhau bất kể trở ngại, bất kể thử thách. Đó là duyên số.
- People keep seeing each other again despite all the obstacles, all the challenges. That's what I call fate.
Usage notes edit
- In the Northern dialects, đấy is usually preferred.
- The demonstrative pronoun đó ("there, that") denotes a place, person or thing far from the speaker, but close to whom the speaker is talking to. When denoting a place, đó refers to either a location or a movement to the location.
- Tụi nó đang tập bóng chuyền ở đó đó. ― They are practicing volleyball there. (location)
- Ban đêm đừng có mà léng phéng vô đó. Nguy hiểm lắm nghe chưa. ― Do not go there at night. It is very unsafe. (movement to the location)
- The destination for đi in the "đi + preposition + destination" construction can be expressed by đó ("there") and is treated as a noun.
- Đó can serve as the subject of the sentence containing the predicate noun.
- Đó là thằng bạn tui. ― That is my friend.
- Indefinite pronouns and adverbs are formed by placing a question word before the demonstrative đó: ai đó ("someone"), cái gì đó ("something"), ở đâu đó ("somewhere"), khi nào đó ("sometime"), nơi nào đó ("somewhere, someplace, in some place"), người nào đó ("someone").
- Đó and đâu are also adverbs of place and can be semantically paired to form a similarity clause.
- Mày đi đâu thì tao đi theo tới đó. ― Wherever you go, I will follow you.
- Đó is used after a preposition to refer to an action or event that has just been mentioned.
- Tôi học cao học về Việt Nam học. Trước đó ở bậc đại học tôi chuyên về Đông Nam Á học.
- I did my master's degree in Vietnamese studies, and before that as an undergraduate I majored in Southeast Asian studies.
- As a demonstrative adjective, đó or ấy are used after a noun to indicate which person, thing or idea is being shown, pointed to or mentioned. It is equivalent to English "that, those".
- Thằng đó ngáo lắm, đừng có mà rờ vô. ― That guy is off his rocker, just stay away from him.
See also edit
| Vietnamese demonstratives | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unspecified | Close to the speaker or newly introduced |
Remote, already identified | |||||||||||||||||
| PLACE đ- (first register) |
đâu ‘wherever’ |
đây ‘here’ |
đấy ‘there’ | ||||||||||||||||
| REFERENCE n- (second register) |
nào ‘whichever’ |
này ‘this’ |
nọ ‘that’ | ||||||||||||||||
| PROPORTION b- (first register) |
bao ‘to whatever extent’ |
bây ‘to this extent’ |
bấy ‘to that extent’ | ||||||||||||||||
| MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register) |
sao ‘however’ |
vầy ‘this way’ |
vậy ‘that way’ | ||||||||||||||||
| Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited” | |||||||||||||||||||
| D• (Indefinite) |
D1 (Proximal) |
D2 (Medial) |
D3 (Distal) | ||||||||||||||||
| +NOM(inal) | đâu place-what |
đây place-this |
đấy place-that1 |
||||||||||||||||
| ±NOM(inal) | đó (place-)that1 |
kia (place-)that2 | |||||||||||||||||
| –NOM(inal) | nào what |
nầy this |
nấy/ấy that1 |
nọ that2 | |||||||||||||||
| Proximal (*-iː) |
Distal 1 (*-iːʔ) |
Distal 2 (*-əːʔ) |
Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ) |
Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place, attributive1 n- |
ni nì này |
nấy | nớ | nọ | nào |
| Place, nominal2 đ- |
đây | đí đấy |
— | đó | đâu |
| Manner r- |
ri rày |
— | rứa | — | ru sao3 |
| Extent 14 b- |
bây | bấy | — | — | bao |
| Extent 25 v- |
vầy | vậy | — | — | — |
| 1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”). | |||||
Particle edit
đó
- (Southern Vietnam) emphasizes a quality that the listener may not have known; you see?; I'm telling you
- Tao mới coi tối qua. Hơi bị hay đó ! Bữa nào mày cũng dành thời gian coi đi !
- I finally saw it yesterday. Really good, I must say. You should go see it when you have the chance.
- Em mới đến nên không biết, thằng này khùng lắm đó !
- You've just moved here so you might not have known, but he's pretty screwed up in the head.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Vietic *tɔːʔ (“trap”). Cognate with Toum tɔː³. Compare Lower Ta'oih tɔː ("to trap, to strain"), Kuy [Salavan] tɔː ("to trap birds, fish, etc.").