sao
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sao"
IlocanoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Philippine *sahuq (“words, speech”).
PronunciationEdit
- Hyphenation: sa‧o
NounEdit
sao
- speech
- (linguistics) language
- Iniiloko a sao
- Ilocano language
- word
Derived termsEdit
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
sao
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
sao
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
TagalogEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
saó
VietnameseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [saːw˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂaːw˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʂaːw˧˧] ~ [saːw˧˧]
Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City) (file)
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Vietnamese ſao.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 牢 (MC lɑu) (modern SV: lao), so the older form of the word was likely *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant).
AdverbEdit
See alsoEdit
Vietnamese demonstratives | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||
Unspecified | Close to the speaker or newly introduced |
Remote, already identified | |||||||||||||||||
PLACE đ- (first register) |
đâu ‘wherever’ |
đây ‘here’ |
đấy ‘there’ | ||||||||||||||||
REFERENCE n- (second register) |
nào ‘whichever’ |
này ‘this’ |
nọ ‘that’ | ||||||||||||||||
PROPORTION b- (first register) |
bao ‘to whatever extent’ |
bây ‘to this extent’ |
bấy ‘to that extent’ | ||||||||||||||||
MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register) |
sao ‘however’ |
vầy ‘this way’ |
vậy ‘that way’ | ||||||||||||||||
Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited” | |||||||||||||||||||
D• (Indefinite) |
D1 (Proximal) |
D2 (Medial) |
D3 (Distal) | ||||||||||||||||
+NOM(inal) | đâu place-what |
đây place-this |
đấy place-that1 |
||||||||||||||||
±NOM(inal) | đó (place-)that1 |
kia (place-)that2 | |||||||||||||||||
–NOM(inal) | nào what |
nầy this |
nấy/ấy that1 |
nọ that2 |
AdjectiveEdit
sao
- problematic, bad
- Có sao lắm không?
- Is it very bad?
- Không sao đâu.
- No problem.
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Vietnamese ſao, from Proto-Vietic *k-raːw. Cognate with Muong khao. Might represent a Kra-Dai or Austronesian substratum, compare Proto-Tai *t.naːwᴬ (“star”), Proto-Hlai *ɾaːw (“star”) and Proto-Austronesian *qajaw (“day”).
It is a semantic loan from English star, in the senses of “celebrity; actor”.
Alternative formsEdit
- (Northeastern Vietnam) thao
NounEdit
(classifier vì, ngôi) sao • (𬁖 - ⿰日牢, 𣋀, 𣇟, 𤚧)
- star (luminous celestial body)
- asterisk
- toán sao ― an "asterisked" math problem (marked with an asterisk); a difficult math problem
NounEdit
(classifier ngôi) sao • (𬁖 - ⿰日牢, 𣋀, 𣇟, 𤚧)
See alsoEdit
West MakianEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sao
- (transitive) to burn
- (transitive) to roast (over fire)
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of sao (action verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | tasao | masao | asao | |
2nd person | nasao | fasao | ||
3rd person | inanimate | isao | dasao | |
animate | ||||
imperative | nasao, sao | fasao, sao |