đấy
See also: Appendix:Variations of "day"
Vietnamese
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editUsage notes
edit- In the Southern dialects, đó is usually preferred.
- The demonstrative pronoun đấy ("there, that") denotes a place, person or thing far from the speaker, but close to whom the speaker is talking to. When denoting a place, đấy refers to either a location or a movement to the location.
- Họ đang tập bóng chuyền ở đấy. ― They are practicing volleyball there. (location)
- Đừng đi đến đấy vào ban đêm. Nguy hiểm lắm. ― Do not go there at night. It is very unsafe. (movement to the location)
- The destination for đi in the "đi + preposition + destination" construction can be expressed by đấy ("there") and is treated as a noun.
- Đấy can serve as the subject of the sentence containing the predicate noun.
- Đấy là bạn tôi. ― That is my friend.
- Indefinite pronouns and adverbs are formed by placing a question word before the demonstrative đấy: ai đấy ("someone"), cái gì đấy ("something"), ở đâu đấy ("somewhere"), khi nào đấy ("sometime"), nơi nào đấy ("somewhere, someplace, in some place"), người nào đấy ("someone").
- Đấy and đâu are also adverbs of place and can be semantically paired to form a similarity clause.
- Chị đi đâu, tôi đi đến đấy với chị. ― Wherever you go, I will come with you.
- Đấy is used after a preposition to refer to an action or event that has just been mentioned.
- Tôi học cao học về Việt Nam học. Trước đấy ở bậc đại học tôi chuyên về Đông Nam Á học.
- I did my master's degree in Vietnamese studies, and before that as an undergraduate I majored in Southeast Asian studies.
- In recent years, the demonstrative pronoun đấy is used in the Hanoi dialect with the function of the demonstrative adjective ấy, for instance: kĩ sư đấy, cái áo đấy, bộ phim đấy.
See also
editVietnamese demonstratives | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||
Unspecified | Close to the speaker or newly introduced |
Remote, already identified | |||||||||||||||||
PLACE đ- (first register) |
đâu ‘wherever’ |
đây ‘here’ |
đấy ‘there’ | ||||||||||||||||
REFERENCE n- (second register) |
nào ‘whichever’ |
này ‘this’ |
nọ ‘that’ | ||||||||||||||||
PROPORTION b- (first register) |
bao ‘to whatever extent’ |
bây ‘to this extent’ |
bấy ‘to that extent’ | ||||||||||||||||
MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register) |
sao ‘however’ |
vầy ‘this way’ |
vậy ‘that way’ | ||||||||||||||||
Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited” | |||||||||||||||||||
D• (Indefinite) |
D1 (Proximal) |
D2 (Medial) |
D3 (Distal) | ||||||||||||||||
+NOM(inal) | đâu place-what |
đây place-this |
đấy place-that1 |
||||||||||||||||
±NOM(inal) | đó (place-)that1 |
kia (place-)that2 | |||||||||||||||||
–NOM(inal) | nào what |
nầy this |
nấy/ấy that1 |
nọ that2 |
Proximal (*-iː) |
Distal 1 (*-iːʔ) |
Distal 2 (*-əːʔ) |
Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ) |
Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place, attributive1 n- |
ni nì này |
nấy | nớ | nọ | nào |
Place, nominal2 đ- |
đây | đí đấy |
— | đó | đâu |
Manner r- |
ri rày |
— | rứa | — | ru sao3 |
Extent 14 b- |
bây | bấy | — | — | bao |
Extent 25 v- |
vầy | vậy | — | — | — |
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”). |
Particle
editđấy
- (Northern Vietnam) sentence-final particle used in questions for asking in a more polite way
- Anh đang chờ ai đấy?
- Who are you waiting for?
- (Northern Vietnam) sentence-final particle in statements to express affirmation