kia
Abenaki edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
kia
References edit
- Joseph Laurent (1884) New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues, Quebec: Leger Brousseau, page 58
- John Dyneley Prince (1902), “The Differentiation Between the Penobscot and the Canadian Abenaki Dialects”, in American Anthropologist, volume 4, page 28 of 17–32
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
From ki- (interrogative and relative correlative prefix) + -a (correlative suffix of kind).
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
kia (accusative singular kian, plural kiaj, accusative plural kiajn)
- what kind of, which kind of (the interrogative and relative correlative of kind)
- Mi ne scias kian koloron almeti por la ĉielo.
- I do not know what kind of color to put on for the sky.
Usage notes edit
Like other interrogative and relative correlatives, kia can be combined with ajn, the adverbial particle of generality. Kia ajn thus means whatever kind of.
Derived terms edit
- kia ajn (“whatever kind of”)
See also edit
Esperanto correlatives
Interrogative | Demonstrative | Indefinite | Universal | Negative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ki- | ti- | i- | ĉi- | neni- | ||
Kind of, sort of | -a | kia | tia | ia | ĉia | nenia |
Reason | -al | kial | tial | ial | ĉial | nenial |
Time | -am | kiam | tiam | iam | ĉiam | neniam |
Place | -e | kie | tie | ie | ĉie | nenie |
Motion | -en | kien | tien | ien | ĉien | nenien |
Manner | -el | kiel | tiel | iel | ĉiel | neniel |
Possessive | -es | kies | ties | ies | ĉies | nenies |
Demonstrative pronoun | -o | kio | tio | io | ĉio | nenio |
Amount | -om | kiom | tiom | iom | ĉiom | neniom |
Demonstrative determiner | -u | kiu | tiu | iu | ĉiu | neniu |
Hawaiian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Polynesian *tia (compare with Maori tia), from Proto-Oceanic *tiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tihaŋ (compare with Malay tiang).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kia
References edit
- Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986), “kia”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Classical Persian بخیه (baxiya, “stitch, suture”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kia
Further reading edit
- “kia” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Inupiaq edit
Pronoun edit
kia
- whose
- Kia aglautaa una?
- Whose pencil is this?
Synonyms edit
Maori edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
kia
- when; until (used for a future time)
- to; that (indicates a purpose, wish or effect) (used if second verb is passive or stative, or if the subject of the subordinate clause is different to the main clause)
- I tonoa rātou kia waiata.
- They were asked to sing.
- (let) be (indicates desirability)
- Kia tūpato
- Be careful
- specifies an amount
- Kia hia ngā tīkiti māu?
- How many tickets do you need?
- not yet
- so that
- so that ... will not
- shouldn't
References edit
- "kia" - Maori Dictionary
Penobscot edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
kia
References edit
- J. Dyneley Prince (1902), “The Differentiation Between the Penobscot and the Canadian Abenaki Dialects”, in American Anthropologist, volume 4
Vietnamese edit
Etymology edit
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 其 (“that; those”, SV: kì). Related to kìa.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
- that, over there
- other, opposite
- 2009, Thích Nhất Hạnh, Trái tim của Bụt, NXB Tổng hợp TP. Hồ Chí Minh, page 14:
- Khi ngồi nhìn lên chúng ta nghĩ đó là phía trên, nhìn xuống ta nghĩ đó là phía dưới. Nhưng cùng một lúc đó, đồng loại ta ở phía bên kia địa cầu nhìn sẽ thấy ngược lại.
- When we are seated and look up, we imagine that is above; looking down we imagine that is below. But at the same time, people at the other side of the world will see it the other way around.
- (with time expressions) two removed from the present
- ngày kia ― the day after tomorrow
- hôm kia ― the day before yesterday
- năm kia ― two years ago
Usage notes edit
- Kia meaning "that" denotes a place, person or thing far from both the speaker and the person(s) he or she is talking to. Usually both the speaker and the person(s) he or she is talking to can see that place, person or thing and the speaker may be pointing to it.
See also edit
Vietnamese demonstratives | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||
Unspecified | Close to the speaker or newly introduced |
Remote, already identified | |||||||||||||||||
PLACE đ- (first register) |
đâu ‘wherever’ |
đây ‘here’ |
đấy ‘there’ | ||||||||||||||||
REFERENCE n- (second register) |
nào ‘whichever’ |
này ‘this’ |
nọ ‘that’ | ||||||||||||||||
PROPORTION b- (first register) |
bao ‘to whatever extent’ |
bây ‘to this extent’ |
bấy ‘to that extent’ | ||||||||||||||||
MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register) |
sao ‘however’ |
vầy ‘this way’ |
vậy ‘that way’ | ||||||||||||||||
Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited” | |||||||||||||||||||
D• (Indefinite) |
D1 (Proximal) |
D2 (Medial) |
D3 (Distal) | ||||||||||||||||
+NOM(inal) | đâu place-what |
đây place-this |
đấy place-that1 |
||||||||||||||||
±NOM(inal) | đó (place-)that1 |
kia (place-)that2 | |||||||||||||||||
–NOM(inal) | nào what |
nầy this |
nấy/ấy that1 |
nọ that2 |
Proximal (*-iː) |
Distal 1 (*-iːʔ) |
Distal 2 (*-əːʔ) |
Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ) |
Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place, attributive1 n- |
ni nì này |
nấy | nớ | nọ | nào |
Place, nominal2 đ- |
đây | đí đấy |
— | đó | đâu |
Manner r- |
ri rày |
— | rứa | — | ru sao3 |
Extent 14 b- |
bây | bấy | — | — | bao |
Extent 25 v- |
vầy | vậy | — | — | — |
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”). |
Adverb edit
kia