kia
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kia"
Abenaki
editEtymology
editPronoun
editkia
References
edit- Joseph Laurent (1884) New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues, Quebec: Leger Brousseau, page 58
- John Dyneley Prince (1902) “The Differentiation Between the Penobscot and the Canadian Abenaki Dialects”, in American Anthropologist, volume 4, page 28 of 17–32
Esperanto
editEtymology
editFrom ki- (interrogative and relative correlative prefix) + -a (correlative suffix of kind).
Pronunciation
editDeterminer
editkia (accusative singular kian, plural kiaj, accusative plural kiajn)
- what kind of, which kind of (the interrogative and relative correlative of kind)
- Mi ne scias kian koloron almeti por la ĉielo.
- I do not know what kind of color to put on for the sky.
Usage notes
editLike other interrogative and relative correlatives, kia can be combined with ajn, the adverbial particle of generality. Kia ajn thus means whatever kind of.
Derived terms
edit- kia ajn (“whatever kind of”)
See also
editEsperanto correlatives
Interrogative | Demonstrative | Indefinite | Universal | Negative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ki- | ti- | i- | ĉi- | neni- | ||
Kind of, sort of | -a | kia | tia | ia | ĉia | nenia |
Reason | -al | kial | tial | ial | ĉial | nenial |
Time | -am | kiam | tiam | iam | ĉiam | neniam |
Place | -e | kie | tie | ie | ĉie | nenie |
Motion | -en | kien | tien | ien | ĉien | nenien |
Manner | -el | kiel | tiel | iel | ĉiel | neniel |
Possessive | -es | kies | ties | ies | ĉies | nenies |
Demonstrative pronoun | -o | kio | tio | io | ĉio | nenio |
Amount | -om | kiom | tiom | iom | ĉiom | neniom |
Demonstrative determiner | -u | kiu | tiu | iu | ĉiu | neniu |
Hawaiian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Polynesian *tia (compare with Maori tia), from Proto-Oceanic *tiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tihaŋ (compare with Malay tiang).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkia
References
edit- Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kia”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
Indonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Classical Persian بخیه (baxiya, “stitch, suture”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editkia
Further reading
edit- “kia” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Inupiaq
editPronoun
editkia
- whose
- Kia aglautaa una?
- Whose pencil is this?
Synonyms
editMaori
editPronunciation
editParticle
editkia
- when; until (used for a future time)
- to; that (indicates a purpose, wish or effect) (used if second verb is passive or stative, or if the subject of the subordinate clause is different to the main clause)
- I tonoa rātou kia waiata.
- They were asked to sing.
- (let) be, may (there be) (indicates desirability)
- Kia tūpato
- Be careful
- specifies an amount
- Kia hia ngā tīkiti māu?
- How many tickets do you need?
- not yet
- so that
- so that ... will not
- shouldn't
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- "kia" - Maori Dictionary
Penobscot
editEtymology
editPronoun
editkia
References
edit- J. Dyneley Prince (1902) “The Differentiation Between the Penobscot and the Canadian Abenaki Dialects”, in American Anthropologist (in Penobscot), volume 4
Vietnamese
editEtymology
editNon-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 其 (“that; those”, SV: kì). Related to kìa.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit- that, over there
- other, opposite
- 2009, Thích Nhất Hạnh, Trái tim của Bụt, NXB Tổng hợp TP. Hồ Chí Minh, page 14:
- Khi ngồi nhìn lên chúng ta nghĩ đó là phía trên, nhìn xuống ta nghĩ đó là phía dưới. Nhưng cùng một lúc đó, đồng loại ta ở phía bên kia địa cầu nhìn sẽ thấy ngược lại.
- When we are seated and look up, we imagine that is above; looking down we imagine that is below. But at the same time, people at the other side of the world will see it the other way around.
- (with time expressions) two removed from the present
- ngày kia ― the day after tomorrow
- hôm kia ― the day before yesterday
- năm kia ― two years ago
Usage notes
edit- Kia meaning "that" denotes a place, person or thing far from both the speaker and the person(s) he or she is talking to. Usually both the speaker and the person(s) he or she is talking to can see that place, person or thing and the speaker may be pointing to it.
See also
editVietnamese demonstratives | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||
Unspecified | Close to the speaker or newly introduced |
Remote, already identified | |||||||||||||||||
PLACE đ- (first register) |
đâu ‘wherever’ |
đây ‘here’ |
đấy ‘there’ | ||||||||||||||||
REFERENCE n- (second register) |
nào ‘whichever’ |
này ‘this’ |
nọ ‘that’ | ||||||||||||||||
PROPORTION b- (first register) |
bao ‘to whatever extent’ |
bây ‘to this extent’ |
bấy ‘to that extent’ | ||||||||||||||||
MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register) |
sao ‘however’ |
vầy ‘this way’ |
vậy ‘that way’ | ||||||||||||||||
Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited” | |||||||||||||||||||
D• (Indefinite) |
D1 (Proximal) |
D2 (Medial) |
D3 (Distal) | ||||||||||||||||
+NOM(inal) | đâu place-what |
đây place-this |
đấy place-that1 |
||||||||||||||||
±NOM(inal) | đó (place-)that1 |
kia (place-)that2 | |||||||||||||||||
–NOM(inal) | nào what |
nầy this |
nấy/ấy that1 |
nọ that2 |
Proximal (*-iː) |
Distal 1 (*-iːʔ) |
Distal 2 (*-əːʔ) |
Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ) |
Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place, attributive1 n- |
ni nì này |
nấy | nớ | nọ | nào |
Place, nominal2 đ- |
đây | đí đấy |
— | đó | đâu |
Manner r- |
ri rày |
— | rứa | — | ru sao3 |
Extent 14 b- |
bây | bấy | — | — | bao |
Extent 25 v- |
vầy | vậy | — | — | — |
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”). |
Adverb
editkia
Derived terms
editCategories:
- Abenaki lemmas
- Abenaki pronouns
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Esperanto/ia
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto determiners
- Esperanto terms with usage examples
- Esperanto BRO1
- Esperanto GCSE0
- Esperanto correlatives
- Esperanto interrogative determiners
- Hawaiian terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian
- Hawaiian terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Hawaiian terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Hawaiian terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Hawaiian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Hawaiian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Hawaiian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hawaiian lemmas
- Hawaiian nouns
- haw:Architecture
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Persian
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian verbs
- Indonesian terms with archaic senses
- Inupiaq lemmas
- Inupiaq pronouns
- Inupiaq terms with usage examples
- Maori terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maori lemmas
- Maori particles
- Maori terms with usage examples
- Penobscot lemmas
- Penobscot pronouns
- Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese adjectives
- Vietnamese terms with quotations
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese adverbs