جان

See also: خان‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

Derived from the active participle of جَنَى‎ (janā, “to gather, to harvest; to commit a crime”), form the root ج ن ي‎ (j-n-y).

Adjective

جَانٍ • (jānin) (informal جَانِي‎ (jānī), feminine جَانِيَة‎ (jāniya), masculine plural جُنَاة‎ (junāh) or جَانُونَ‎ (jānūna), feminine plural جَانِيَات‎ (jāniyāt))

1. guilty, delinquent, criminal, flagrant, vicious, evil

Declension

Declension of adjective جَانٍ (jānin)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	singular triptote in ـٍ (-in)		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	جَانِي‎ jānī	الْجَانِي‎ al-jānī	جَانِيَة‎ jāniya	الْجَانِيَة‎ al-jāniya
Nominative	جَانٍ jānin	الْجَانِي‎ al-jānī	جَانِيَةٌ‎ jāniyatun	الْجَانِيَةُ‎ al-jāniyatu
Accusative	جَانِيًا‎ jāniyan	الْجَانِيَ‎ al-jāniya	جَانِيَةً‎ jāniyatan	الْجَانِيَةَ‎ al-jāniyata
Genitive	جَانٍ jānin	الْجَانِي‎ al-jānī	جَانِيَةٍ‎ jāniyatin	الْجَانِيَةِ‎ al-jāniyati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	جَانِيَيْن‎ jāniyayn	الْجَانِيَيْن‎ al-jāniyayn	جَانِيَتَيْن‎ jāniyatayn	الْجَانِيَتَيْن‎ al-jāniyatayn
Nominative	جَانِيَانِ‎ jāniyāni	الْجَانِيَانِ‎ al-jāniyāni	جَانِيَتَانِ‎ jāniyatāni	الْجَانِيَتَانِ‎ al-jāniyatāni
Accusative	جَانِيَيْنِ‎ jāniyayni	الْجَانِيَيْنِ‎ al-jāniyayni	جَانِيَتَيْنِ‎ jāniyatayni	الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ‎ al-jāniyatayni
Genitive	جَانِيَيْنِ‎ jāniyayni	الْجَانِيَيْنِ‎ al-jāniyayni	جَانِيَتَيْنِ‎ jāniyatayni	الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ‎ al-jāniyatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	broken plural triptote in ـَاة (-āh)‎; sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	جُنَاة‎‎; جَانِين‎ junāt‎; jānīn	الْجُنَاة‎‎; الْجَانِين‎ al-junāt‎; al-jānīn	جَانِيَات‎ jāniyāt	الْجَانِيَات‎ al-jāniyāt
Nominative	جُنَاةٌ‎‎; جَانُونَ‎ junātun‎; jānūna	الْجُنَاةُ‎‎; الْجَانُونَ‎ al-junātu‎; al-jānūna	جَانِيَاتٌ‎ jāniyātun	الْجَانِيَاتُ‎ al-jāniyātu
Accusative	جُنَاةً‎‎; جَانِينَ‎ junātan‎; jānīna	الْجُنَاةَ‎‎; الْجَانِينَ‎ al-junāta‎; al-jānīna	جَانِيَاتٍ‎ jāniyātin	الْجَانِيَاتِ‎ al-jāniyāti
Genitive	جُنَاةٍ‎‎; جَانِينَ‎ junātin‎; jānīna	الْجُنَاةِ‎‎; الْجَانِينَ‎ al-junāti‎; al-jānīna	جَانِيَاتٍ‎ jāniyātin	الْجَانِيَاتِ‎ al-jāniyāti

Noun

جَانٍ • (jānin) m (construct state جَانِي‎ (jānī), plural جُنَاة‎ (junāh) or جَانُونَ‎ (jānūna), feminine جَانِيَة‎ (jāniya))

1. gatherer, harvester, harvestman, reaper
2. perpetrator, offender, delinquent, criminal, culprit, felon, evildoer

Declension

Declension of noun جَانٍ (jānin)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	singular triptote in ـٍ (-in)			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَانِي‎ jānī	الْجَانِي‎ al-jānī	جَانِي‎ jānī	جَانِيَة‎ jāniya	الْجَانِيَة‎ al-jāniya	جَانِيَة‎ jāniyat
Nominative	جَانٍ jānin	الْجَانِي‎ al-jānī	جَانِي‎ jānī	جَانِيَةٌ‎ jāniyatun	الْجَانِيَةُ‎ al-jāniyatu	جَانِيَةُ‎ jāniyatu
Accusative	جَانِيًا‎ jāniyan	الْجَانِيَ‎ al-jāniya	جَانِيَ‎ jāniya	جَانِيَةً‎ jāniyatan	الْجَانِيَةَ‎ al-jāniyata	جَانِيَةَ‎ jāniyata
Genitive	جَانٍ jānin	الْجَانِي‎ al-jānī	جَانِي‎ jānī	جَانِيَةٍ‎ jāniyatin	الْجَانِيَةِ‎ al-jāniyati	جَانِيَةِ‎ jāniyati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَانِيَيْن‎ jāniyayn	الْجَانِيَيْن‎ al-jāniyayn	جَانِيَيْ‎ jāniyay	جَانِيَتَيْن‎ jāniyatayn	الْجَانِيَتَيْن‎ al-jāniyatayn	جَانِيَتَيْ‎ jāniyatay
Nominative	جَانِيَانِ‎ jāniyāni	الْجَانِيَانِ‎ al-jāniyāni	جَانِيَا‎ jāniyā	جَانِيَتَانِ‎ jāniyatāni	الْجَانِيَتَانِ‎ al-jāniyatāni	جَانِيَتَا‎ jāniyatā
Accusative	جَانِيَيْنِ‎ jāniyayni	الْجَانِيَيْنِ‎ al-jāniyayni	جَانِيَيْ‎ jāniyay	جَانِيَتَيْنِ‎ jāniyatayni	الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ‎ al-jāniyatayni	جَانِيَتَيْ‎ jāniyatay
Genitive	جَانِيَيْنِ‎ jāniyayni	الْجَانِيَيْنِ‎ al-jāniyayni	جَانِيَيْ‎ jāniyay	جَانِيَتَيْنِ‎ jāniyatayni	الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ‎ al-jāniyatayni	جَانِيَتَيْ‎ jāniyatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	broken plural triptote in ـَاة (-āh)‎; sound masculine plural			sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جُنَاة‎‎; جَانِين‎ junāt‎; jānīn	الْجُنَاة‎‎; الْجَانِين‎ al-junāt‎; al-jānīn	جُنَاة‎‎; جَانِي‎ junāt‎; jānī	جَانِيَات‎ jāniyāt	الْجَانِيَات‎ al-jāniyāt	جَانِيَات‎ jāniyāt
Nominative	جُنَاةٌ‎‎; جَانُونَ‎ junātun‎; jānūna	الْجُنَاةُ‎‎; الْجَانُونَ‎ al-junātu‎; al-jānūna	جُنَاةُ‎‎; جَانُو‎ junātu‎; jānū	جَانِيَاتٌ‎ jāniyātun	الْجَانِيَاتُ‎ al-jāniyātu	جَانِيَاتُ‎ jāniyātu
Accusative	جُنَاةً‎‎; جَانِينَ‎ junātan‎; jānīna	الْجُنَاةَ‎‎; الْجَانِينَ‎ al-junāta‎; al-jānīna	جُنَاةَ‎‎; جَانِي‎ junāta‎; jānī	جَانِيَاتٍ‎ jāniyātin	الْجَانِيَاتِ‎ al-jāniyāti	جَانِيَاتِ‎ jāniyāti
Genitive	جُنَاةٍ‎‎; جَانِينَ‎ junātin‎; jānīna	الْجُنَاةِ‎‎; الْجَانِينَ‎ al-junāti‎; al-jānīna	جُنَاةِ‎‎; جَانِي‎ junāti‎; jānī	جَانِيَاتٍ‎ jāniyātin	الْجَانِيَاتِ‎ al-jāniyāti	جَانِيَاتِ‎ jāniyāti

Etymology 2

Has the form derived from the active participle, as if from جَنَّ‎ (janna, “to hide”) (in the passive جُنَّ‎ (junna, “to go crazy”)), from the root ج ن ن‎ (j-n-n).

Noun

جَانّ • (jānn) m (collective, plural جِنَّان‎ (jinnān) or جَوَانّ‎ (jawānn))

1. jann, demon, the forefathers of the jinn.

Declension

Declension of noun جَانّ (jānn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَانّ jānn	الْجَانّ‎ al-jānn	جَانّ jānn
Nominative	جَانٌّ jānnun	الْجَانُّ‎ al-jānnu	جَانُّ jānnu
Accusative	جَانًّا‎ jānnan	الْجَانَّ‎ al-jānna	جَانَّ jānna
Genitive	جَانٍّ jānnin	الْجَانِّ‎ al-jānni	جَانِّ jānni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَانَّيْن‎ jānnayn	الْجَانَّيْن‎ al-jānnayn	جَانَّيْ‎ jānnay
Nominative	جَانَّانِ‎ jānnāni	الْجَانَّانِ‎ al-jānnāni	جَانَّا‎ jānnā
Accusative	جَانَّيْنِ‎ jānnayni	الْجَانَّيْنِ‎ al-jānnayni	جَانَّيْ‎ jānnay
Genitive	جَانَّيْنِ‎ jānnayni	الْجَانَّيْنِ‎ al-jānnayni	جَانَّيْ‎ jānnay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جِنَّان‎‎; جَوَانّ‎ jinnān‎; jawānn	الْجِنَّان‎‎; الْجَوَانّ‎ al-jinnān‎; al-jawānn	جِنَّان‎‎; جَوَانّ‎ jinnān‎; jawānn
Nominative	جِنَّانٌ‎‎; جَوَانُّ‎ jinnānun‎; jawānnu	الْجِنَّانُ‎‎; الْجَوَانُّ‎ al-jinnānu‎; al-jawānnu	جِنَّانُ‎‎; جَوَانُّ‎ jinnānu‎; jawānnu
Accusative	جِنَّانًا‎‎; جَوَانَّ‎ jinnānan‎; jawānna	الْجِنَّانَ‎‎; الْجَوَانَّ‎ al-jinnāna‎; al-jawānna	جِنَّانَ‎‎; جَوَانَّ‎ jinnāna‎; jawānna
Genitive	جِنَّانٍ‎‎; جَوَانَّ‎ jinnānin‎; jawānna	الْجِنَّانِ‎‎; الْجَوَانِّ‎ al-jinnāni‎; al-jawānni	جِنَّانِ‎‎; جَوَانِّ‎ jinnāni‎; jawānni

Related terms

• جِنّ‎ (jinn, “jinn”)
• نَسْنَاس‎ (nasnās, “nasnas”)
• غُول‎ (ḡūl, “ghoul”)

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Azerbaijani

Other scripts
Cyrillic	ҹан
Roman	can
Perso-Arabic	جان

Noun

جان (can) (definite accusative جانێ‎ (canı), plural جانلار‎ (canlar))

1. Arabic spelling of can (“life, soul”)

Declension

Declension of جان

	singular	plural
nominative	جان	جانلار‎
definite accusative	جانێ‎	جانلارێ‎
dative	جانا‎	جانلارا‎
locative	جاندا‎	جانلاردا‎
ablative	جاندان‎	جانلاردان‎
definite genitive	جانێن‎	جانلارێن‎

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian جان‎ (jân, “soul, vital spirit, life”).

Noun

جان • (can)

1. soul
2. being
3. life
4. heart
5. darling

Descendants

• Turkish: can
• Albanian: xhan
• Macedonian: џан (džan)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: џан

  Latin: džan

Suffix

جان • (can)

1. Suffix expressing intimacy, roughly equivalent to dear or darling, attached to a name or title

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Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾn'), 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗‎ (gyʾn /gyān/, “soul, ghost”), from Proto-Iranian *wi- + *HanH- (“to breathe”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”), whence, for example, Latin animus.

Cognate with Northern Kurdish giyan, Central Kurdish گیان‎ (gyan), Southern Kurdish گیان‎ (gyan), Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁‎ (viiānaiiā), Sanskrit व्यान (vyāná).

Alternative forms

• جون‎ (jun)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /dʒɑːn/
• (Dari): IPA^(key): /dʒɒːn/
• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /dʒɒːn/
  • (Tehrani): IPA^(key): /dʒuːn/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /dʒɔːn/

Noun

جان • (jân) (plural جان‌ها‎ (jân-hâ))

Dari Persian	جان
Iranian Persian	جان
Tajiki Persian	ҷон (jon)

1. soul

   ‏جان خود را از دست دادن‎ ― jân-e xod râ az dast dâdan ― to lose one's life, to pass away

2. being
3. life

Suffix

جان • (jân)

1. Suffix expressing intimacy, roughly equivalent to dear or darling, attached to a name or title.

Interjection

جان • (jân!)

1. exclamation of joy, pleasure

Derived terms

• آخ جان!‎ (âx jân), آخ جون!‎ (âx jun)

Borrowed terms

• Middle Armenian: ջան (ǰan)
  • Armenian: ջան (ǰan), ճան (čan)
    • → Russian: джан (džan)
• Bashkir: йән (yän)
• Georgian: ჯანი (ǯani)
• Hindustani:

  Hindi: जान (jān)

  Urdu: جان‎ (jān)

• Kazakh: жан (jan)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: جان‎ (can)

  Northern Kurdish: can

• Kyrgyz: жан (can)
• Ottoman Turkish: جان‎ (can)
  • Turkish: can
  • Albanian: xhan
  • Macedonian: џан (džan)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: џан

    Latin: džan

• Pashto: جان‎ (ǰān)
• Sindhi: جان‎ (jān)
• Tatar: җан (can)
• Old Tati:

  Old Azari: جان‎ (ǰān)

  • Azerbaijani: can
• Turkmen: jan
• Uyghur: جان‎ (jan)

References

• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English John.

Proper noun

جان • (jân)

1. A male given name, John.

   ‏جان کری‎ ― jân keri ― John Kerry

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Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian جان‎ (jân).

Noun

جان (jān)

1. life; soul

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Urdu

Etymology

From Persian جان‎ (jān).

Noun

جان • (jān) f (Hindi spelling जान)

1. life, soul
2. spirit, vitality

Declension

Declension of جان
	singular	plural
direct	جان‎ (jān)	جانیں‎ (jānẽ)
oblique	جان‎ (jān)	جانوں‎ (jānõ)
vocative	جان‎ (jān)	جانو‎ (jāno)

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Uyghur

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian جان‎ (jân, “soul, vital spirit, life”).

Noun

جان • (jan)

1. soul
2. spirit
3. life

   ‏جېنىم‎ ― jénim ― my dear

4. person