आ

आ U+0906, आ DEVANAGARI LETTER AA ← अ [U+0905] Devanagari इ → [U+0907]

Translingual

Etymology

From the Gupta letter (ā).

Letter

आ (ā)

1. The second letter and vowel of the Devanagari script.

Usage notes

Its matra, used to modify the inherent vowel in a consonant, is written ा. For example, the first consonant क with the matra looks like: का.

Bhojpuri

Conjunction

आ (ā) (Kaithi 𑂄)

1. and

Dhivehi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əː/, [əː]

Letter

आ • (ā)

1. The second vowel in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari script

Hindi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aː/, /a/, /ɑː/, [äː]
• The first three transcriptions are very common, but the fourth is the true phonetic value.

• Audio

  (file)

Letter

आ • (ā)

1. the second vowel of Hindi

See also

• (matra): ा (ā)
• (Devanagari script letters) अ,‎ आ,‎ इ,‎ ई,‎ उ,‎ ऊ,‎ ऋ,‎ ए,‎ ऐ,‎ ओ,‎ औ,‎ अं,‎ अः,‎ अँ,‎ क,‎ ख,‎ ग,‎ घ,‎ ङ,‎ च,‎ छ,‎ ज,‎ झ,‎ ञ,‎ ट,‎ ठ,‎ ड,‎ ढ,‎ ण,‎ त,‎ थ,‎ द,‎ ध,‎ न,‎ प,‎ फ,‎ ब,‎ भ,‎ म,‎ य,‎ र,‎ ल,‎ व,‎ श,‎ ष,‎ स,‎ ह,‎ त्र,‎ ज्ञ,‎ क्ष,‎ क़,‎ ख़,‎ ग़,‎ ज़,‎ झ़,‎ ड़,‎ ढ़,‎ फ़ ^{(Category: Hindi letters) [edit]}

Marathi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a/

• Audio

  (file)

Letter

आ • (ā)

1. The second vowel in Marathi

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ä]
• Phonetic Devanagari: आ
• While the first transcription is very common, the second is the true phonetic value.

Letter

आ • (ā)

1. The second vowel in Nepali.

Verb

आ • (ā)

1. low-respectful second-person singular imperative of आउनु (āunu)

Old Gujarati

Pronoun

आ • (ā)

1. he, this

Determiner

आ • (ā)

1. this

Descendants

• Gujarati: આ (ā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬆ (Balinese script)
• আ (Assamese script)
• আ (Bengali script)
• 𑰁 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀆 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌆 (Grantha script)
• આ (Gujarati script)
• ਆ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦄꦴ (Javanese script)
• អា (Khmer script)
• ಆ (Kannada script)
• ອາ (Lao script)
• ആ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘁 (Modi script)
• ᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• ᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• အာ (Burmese script)
• 𑦡 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐁 (Newa script)
• ଆ (Oriya script)
• ꢃ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆄 (Sharada script)
• 𑖁 (Siddham script)
• ආ (Sinhalese script)
• ఆ (Telugu script)
• อา (Thai script)
• ཨཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒂 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *at (whence English at) and Latin ad. The final *d in the Proto-Indo-European term regularly alternated with *h₁, the latter appearing before certain consonants originally. Sanskrit generalized the form ending in *h₁ and its fellow Indo-European cognates generalized the form ending in *d.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ɑː/

Adverb

आ • (ā́)

1. (Vedic) separated form of आ- (ā-)

Postposition

आ • (ā́)

1. With senses determined by the accusative case:
   1. (+ accusative) near to, towards, to
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   2. (+ accusative) for
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. With senses determined by the ablative case:
   1. (+ ablative) from
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
      • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
   2. (+ ablative) out of, from among
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. (+locative) in, at, on

Preposition

आ • (ā́)

1. (+ accusative) up to ... exclusively
   • c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
2. With senses determined by the ablative case
   1. (+ ablative) up to, to, as far as
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
      • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
      • 900-1100 AD; copied later, “A problematic inscription (K.1237)”, in Udaya: Journal of Khmer Studies‎^[1], volume 14 (PDF), Yosothor, published 2019, halshs-02168837, page 10:

        វិមទ*យន្តិយេភូមី*
        ទាសាន្ទេវស្យបាបី*នះ
        តេសវ្វ៌នរកេយាន្តុ
        យាតនាមាភវក្ឞយាត៑ ៕
        * Read ទ, មី and បី as ទ៌, មិ and បិ.

        vimardayanti ye bhūmi
        dāsāndevasya pāpinaḥ
        te sarvvanarake yāntu
        yātanām ā bhavakṣayāt· ॥

        May the evil ones who disturb the land and servants of the god undergo torment in every hell until the end of existence.

   2. (+ ablative) from
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Ambiposition

आ • (ā́)

1. (+(X)ablative ā́ +(Y)ablative) from (X) to (Y)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.95.2:

     एका॑चेत॒त्सर॑स्वती न॒दीनां॒ शुचि॑र्य॒ती गि॒रिभ्य॒ आ स॑मु॒द्रात्।
     रा॒यश्चेत॑न्ती॒ भुव॑नस्य॒ भूरे॑र्घृ॒तं पयो॑ दुदुहे॒ नाहु॑षाय॥

     ékācetat sárasvatī nadī́nāṃ śúcir yatī́ giríbhya ā́ samudrā́t
     rāyáś cétantī bhúvanasya bhū́rer ghr̥tám páyo duduhe nā́huṣāya

     Sarasvatī, chief and pure of rivers, flowing from the mountains to the ocean
     understood the request of Nahuṣa, and distributing riches among the many existing beings, milked for him butter and water.

Sherpa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɑ~ʌ]

Letter

आ (ā)

1. Used to represent the [ɑ~ʌ] sound in Sherpa. [2]