Punctuation markEdit
— (English name em dash)
- Indicates that a sentence is unfinished because the speaker has been interrupted.
- Demarcates parenthetical thought. See — —.
- Indicates a logical consequence. See also : (“the colon”).
1962, Jack Frohlichstein, Mathematical Fun, Games and Puzzles (in English), Courier Corporation, →ISBN, page 9:
- Bet anyone he can't correctly name the next highest number to every number which you will give him. […]
- 43 — he will say 44
- 87 — he will say 88
- 123 — he will say 124
- Indicates aposiopesis, an abrupt breaking-off in speech. See also … (“the ellipsis”).
- Separates a term from its definition.
2011, Adam Rizvi, Click Start to Begin: Windows XP Basics (in English), Click Start Publishing Ltd., →ISBN, page 22:
- Refresh — This will refresh the current folder, updating it with any new files or settings.
- Indicates a lack of data in a table[1]
- Alternative form of ― (“horizontal bar; quotation dash; introduces a line of dialogue”)
- censored letters.
- D—n. F—k.
QuotationsEdit
For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:—.
Derived termsEdit
Derived termsEdit
- ⸺ (two-em dash)
- ⸻ (three-em dash)
- Afrikaans: “ ”, ‘ ’, „ ”, ‚ ’
- Albanian: „ “, ‘ ’
- Arabic: “ ”, « »
- Armenian: « »
- Azerbaijani: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, " ", ‘ ’, ' '
- Basque: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, ‘ ’
- Belarusian: « », “ ”
- Bulgarian: „ “, ’ ’, ‘ ’, « », ’ ’, ‘ ’, —
- Catalan: « », “ ”, ‘ ’
- Chinese: “ ”, ‘ ’, 「 」, 『 』
- Czech: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- Danish: » «, „ “, › ‹, ‚ ’, ” ”, ’ ’
- Dutch: ‘ ’, “ ”, ‚ ’, „ ”
- English U.K.: ‘ ’, “ ”
- English U.S.: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Esperanto: “ ”, ‘ ’, —
- Estonian: „ “, « »
- Filipino: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Finnish: ” ”, ’ ’, » »
- French: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, —
- Georgian: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- German: „ “, ‚ ‘ ; » «, › ‹ ; regional: « », ‹ ›
- Greek: « », “ ”, —
- Hungarian: „ ”, » «, —
- Icelandic: „ “, ‚ ‘
- Indonesian: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Interlingua: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Irish: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Italian: « », ‹ ›, ‟ ”, ‛ ’
- Japanese: 「 」, 『 』, 〟 〝
- Korean: “ ”, ‘ ’, 『 』, 「 」
- Kurdish: « »
- Latvian: « », „ “
- Lithuanian: « », „ “
- Lower Sorbian: „ “, ‚ ‘
- Macedonian: „ “, ’ ‘
- Norwegian: « », „ “, ‘ ’, ‚ ‘
- Persian: « »
- Polish: „ ”, « », » «, —
- Portuguese: “ ”, ‘ ’, « », —
- Russian: « », „ “, „ ”, —
- Serbo-Croatian: „ ”, ” ”, ‘ ’, ’ ’, „ “, » «
- Slovak: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- Slovene: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- Spanish: “ ”, ‘ ’, —, « »
- Swedish: ” ”, ’ ’, » », » «, ’ ’, —
- Thai: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Turkish: “ ”, ‘ ’, « », › ‹, —
- Ukrainian: « », „ ”, ‚ ‘
- Vietnamese: “ ”, —
- Welsh: ‘ ’, “ ”
quotation marks and quotation dashes - all single characters
- Curved double quotation marks: “, ”, „
- Curved single quotation marks: ‘, ’, ‚
- Straight quotation mark: "
- Apostrophe: '
- Prime quotation marks: 〟, 〝
- Guillemets: «, »
- Single guillemets: ‹, ›
- Corner brackets: 「, 」, 『, 』
- Quotation dashes: — (em dash), ― (horizontal bar), – (en dash)
Punctuation
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Joan G. Nagle, Handbook for preparing engineering documents: from concept to completion, 1995, p. 114:
We can use the word none or N/D (no data), or insert an em dash; any of these entries show that we haven't simply forgotten to fill the cell. N/A is commonly used for not applicable. It's good practice to footnote N/A or N/D the first time it is used.
