義

See also: 义, 羲, and 羛

義	U+7FA9, 義 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FA9

← 羨
[U+7FA8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

羪 →
[U+7FAA]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order (Japan)

Han characterEdit

義 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土竹手戈 (TGHQI), four-corner 8055₃, composition ⿱𦍌我)

Derived charactersEdit

儀𠿿嬟嶬𢣂㩘𣿭䧧㬢檥燨犠㼁𤩺𥋟礒艤蟻議轙䰮䲑鸃䣡䴊㠖䕏䉝㕒

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 952, character 32
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28504
Dae Jaweon: page 1397, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3133, character 2
Unihan data for U+7FA9

ChineseEdit

trad.		義
simp.		义^*
alternative forms		羛

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 義
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (我) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
莪	*ŋaːl
哦	*ŋaːl
娥	*ŋaːl
峨	*ŋaːl
峩	*ŋaːl
鵝	*ŋaːl
俄	*ŋaːl
蛾	ŋaːl, ŋralʔ
睋	*ŋaːl
涐	*ŋaːl
誐	*ŋaːl
硪	ŋaːl, ŋaːlʔ
我	*ŋaːlʔ
騀	*ŋaːlʔ
餓	*ŋaːls
義	*ŋrals
儀	*ŋral
轙	ŋral, ŋralʔ
檥	ŋral, ŋralʔ
蟻	*ŋralʔ
艤	*ŋralʔ
礒	*ŋralʔ
羛	ŋralʔ, hŋral
議	*ŋrals
犧	*hŋral
曦	*hŋral
羲	*hŋral

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋrals): semantic 羊 (“sheep”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with 儀 (OC *ŋral, “ceremony; appearance”). See there for more.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

(Chengdu, SP): nyi⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йи (yi, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ji⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngei⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): nyi⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngi

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): i³
Min Bei (KCR): ngī
Min Dong (BUC): ngiê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gī

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngi⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): nyi (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): nyi⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲi²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йи (yi, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁶
  - Yale: yih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngei⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡei³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nyi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: i³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /i⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋi⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
  - Tâi-lô: gī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡi³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngi⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋi³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nyi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 義
Mandarin	Beijing	/i⁵¹/
	Harbin	/i⁵³/
	Tianjin	/i⁵³/
	Jinan	/i²¹/
	Qingdao	/i⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/i³¹²/
	Xi'an	/i⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/i¹³/
	Lanzhou	/i¹³/
	Ürümqi	/i²¹³/
	Wuhan	/i³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ȵi¹³/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹³/ 老 /i²¹³/ 新
	Kunming	/i²¹²/
	Nanjing	/i⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/zz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/i⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ȵi³⁵/
	Hohhot	/i⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵi²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦi³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ȵi¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵi²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ni²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵi⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ȵi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵi²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋi⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ji²²/
	Nanning	/ji²²/
	Hong Kong	/ji²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/gi²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋiɛ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋi⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ŋĩ³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ŋi³⁵/ /ŋi³³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠiᴇ^H/

Rime
Character	義
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	宜寄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ŋje^H/
Wang Li	/ŋǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ(r)aj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋrals/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	義
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ngje^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English	duty; justice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	義
Reading #	1/1
No.	13045
Phonetic component	我
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	議
Old Chinese	/*ŋrals/

DefinitionsEdit

義

right conduct; righteousness; justice; morality
正義 / 正义 ― zhèngyì ― justice

大義滅親 / 大义灭亲 ― dàyìmièqīn ― to place righteousness before family
- 子曰：「君子義以為上。君子有勇而無義為亂，小人有勇而無義為盜。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：“君子义以为上。君子有勇而无义为乱，小人有勇而无义为盗。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐyuē: “Jūnzǐ yì yǐwéi shàng. Jūnzǐ yǒu yǒng ér wú yì wéi luàn, xiǎorén yǒu yǒng ér wú yì wéi dào.” [Pinyin]
  The superior man holds righteousness to be of highest importance. A man in a superior situation, having valor without righteousness, will be guilty of insubordination; one of the lower people having valor without righteousness, will commit robbery.
ties between people; relationship
忘恩負義 / 忘恩负义 ― wàng'ēnfùyì ― to be devoid of gratefulness; to forget someone’s kindness and turn one’s back on him

有情有義 / 有情有义 ― yǒuqíngyǒuyì ― having affection and faith
meaning; implication
歧義 / 歧义 ― qíyì ― ambiguity (in language or wording)

同義詞 / 同义词 ― tóngyìcí ― synonym
righteous or for the public good
義師 / 义师 ― yìshī ― army fighting a just war

義舉 / 义举 ― yìjǔ ― magnanimous act undertaken for the public good
(in compounds) adoptive or formally acknowledged as a relative but not related by blood
義父 / 义父 ― yìfù ― person formally acknowledged as one's father

義兄 / 义兄 ― yìxiōng ― sworn elder brother
(in compounds) artificial
義肢 / 义肢 ― yìzhī ― prosthetic leg
(Taiwan) Short for 義大利／义大利 (Yìdàlì, “Italy”).
A surname.