See also:
U+51CC, 凌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51CC

[U+51CB]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+51CD]
U+F955, 凌
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F955

[U+F954]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F956]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 15, +8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 34147, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 45
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+51CC

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
淩 not usually used for “ice”

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic (ice) + phonetic (OC *rɯŋ).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (to freeze; snow) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).

Insides Sinitic, (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with (OC *p.rəŋ), (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);
Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (snow), Japhug jpɣom (to freeze), tɤjpɣom (ice) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Alternatively, (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (to harden; to solidify) from រិង៑ (to dry up), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1 edit



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ling
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/lieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/liŋ/
Li
Rong
/liəŋ/
Wang
Li
/lĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
líng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ling4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
líng líng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ling › ‹ ling ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]əŋ/ /*p.rəŋ/
English transgress; attack ice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8244
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*rɯŋ/

Definitions edit

  1. ice
  2. to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse
    alt. forms: (líng)
  3. to place oneself above; to override; to transgress
    alt. forms: (líng)
  4. to ride (wind, etc.)
  5. to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade
    alt. forms: (líng)
  6. to risk; to brave
  7. to approach; to draw near; to close in on
  8. to tremble
  9. disorderly; messy
  10. a surname
      ―  Líng Méngchū  ―  Ling Mengchu (Ming dynasty Chinese writer)

Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit


Definitions edit

  1. to freeze up; to form ice

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. endure
  2. keep (rain) out
  3. stave off
  4. tide over
  5. defy
  6. slight
  7. surpass

Readings edit

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese (MC ling).

Hanja edit

(eumhun 업신여길 (eopsinyeogil reung), South Korea 업신여길 (eopsinyeogil neung))
(eumhun 능가할 (neunggahal reung), South Korea 능가할 (neunggahal neung))

  1. Hanja form? of (to place oneself above; to override).

Compounds edit

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn, lâng, lừng, rưng, dưng

  1. Surname