寒
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
寒 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金卜 (JTCY), four-corner 30303, composition ⿱𡨄⺀(GTJV) or ⿱𡨄冫(K))
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 289, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7239
- Dae Jaweon: page 572, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 941, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5BD2
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
寒 | |
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alternative forms | 𡫾 𡫜 𡫮 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 寒 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 宀 (“house”) + 人 (“person”) + 茻 (“grass”) – a person in a house, sleeping in the grass to protect from the cold. In some bronze inscriptions, 二 is added at the bottom of the character; this may simply be decorative or may represent a mat. In the seal script, 二 is changed to 仌 (“ice”) to emphasize its meaning of coldness.
Contrast 宿.
EtymologyEdit
Etymology unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
寒
- cold; wintry; chilly
- poor; poverty-stricken
- humble; petty and low
- desolate; deserted
- dreary; miserable
- withered; limp
- (humble) my
- 寒舍 ― hánshè ― (one's own) humble home
- to feel cold
- to fear; to dread
- winter
- cold weather; cold day or night
- (traditional Chinese medicine) cold; chill
- (~日) (telegraphy) the fourteenth day of a month
SynonymsEdit
- (cold): 冷 (lěng)
CompoundsEdit
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Further readingEdit
- “Entry #8312”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: がん (gan)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: さむい (samui, 寒い, Jōyō); いやしい (iyashii, 寒しい); さびしい (sabishii, 寒しい); まずしい (mazushii, 寒しい)
- Nanori: さ (sa); さん (san)
EtymologyEdit
Kanji in this term |
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寒 |
かん Grade: 3 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC ɦɑn).
The basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE.[1] Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE.[1]
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
- [from 700s] cold, chilly
- [from early 1800s] (by extension) poor, poverty-stricken
- [from 900s] midwinter, cold season
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
- [from circa 900] cold, coldness
- [from 1275] midwinter, cold season
- a haiku by Matsuo Bashō:
- 干鮭も 空也の痩も 寒の内
- kanzake mo Kūya no yase mo kan no uchi
- Salted salmon too, also Kūya's thinning too, in the cold season
- 干鮭も 空也の痩も 寒の内
- a haiku by Matsuo Bashō:
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC ɦɑn). Recorded as Middle Korean 한 (han) (Yale: han) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
寒: Hán Việt readings: hàn (
寒: Nôm readings: hàn[1][2][4][6]