Open main menu

Wiktionary β

寒

寒 U+5BD2, 寒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BD2
← 寑
[U+5BD1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 寓 →
[U+5BD3]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

寒 (radical 40 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金卜 (JTCY), four-corner 30303, composition ⿱𡨄⺀)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 289, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7239
  • Dae Jaweon: page 572, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 941, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5BD2

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 寒

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 寒
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (寒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
寒 *ɡaːn
蹇 *kranʔ, *kanʔ
謇 *kranʔ
搴 *kranʔ, *kʰran
藆 *kranʔ
騫 *kʰran
褰 *kʰran
攐 *kʰran
鑳 *ɡranʔ
寋 *ɡanʔ
鶱 *qʰan

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 宀 (“house”) + 人 (“person”) + 茻 (“grass”) – a person in a house, sleeping in the grass to protect from the cold. In some bronze inscriptions, 二 is added at the bottom of the character; this may simply be decorative or may represent a mat. In the seal script, 二 is changed to 仌 (“ice”) to emphasize its meaning of coldness.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • hàng - “cold; poor; to fear”;
  • gàng - “affected by the cold; chilled”.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hân - literary;
    • kôaⁿ - vernacular;
    • gân - vernacular (俗).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 寒
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 胡安切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦan/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hán
    Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 寒
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		hán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ han ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.[ɡ]ˤa[n]/
    English cold

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 寒
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4870
    Phonetic
    component         		寒
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		寒
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡaːn/

    DefinitionsEdit

    寒

    1. cold; wintry; chilly
    2. poor; poverty-stricken
    3. humble; petty and low
    4. desolate; deserted
    5. dreary; miserable
    6. withered; limp
    7. (humble) my
    8. to feel cold
    9. to fear; to dread
    10. winter
    11. cold weather; cold day or night
    12. (traditional Chinese medicine) cold; chill
    13. The fourteenth day of the month in Chinese telegraph messages

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冷
    Mandarin Beijing 冷
    Taiwan 冷
    Jinan 冷
    Xi'an 冷
    Wuhan 冷、冷凊
    Chengdu 冷、凊
    Yangzhou 冷
    Hefei 冷
    Cantonese Guangzhou 凍、冷
    Hong Kong 凍、冷
    Taishan 冷
    Yangjiang 凍、冷
    Gan Nanchang 冷
    Hakka Meixian 冷
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冷、寒
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 冷、寒人
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 冷
    Dongshi (Dabu) 冷、寒
    Zhuolan (Raoping) 冷、寒
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 冷、寒
    Jin Taiyuan 冷
    Min Bei Jian'ou 凊、鎮
    Min Dong Fuzhou 凊、凍
    Min Nan Xiamen 冷、凊、寒
    Quanzhou 冷、凊、寒
    Zhangzhou 冷、凊、寒
    Taipei 冷、凊、寒
    Chaozhou 凝、寒
    Shantou 凝、寒
    Wu Suzhou 冷
    Wenzhou 冷、凍
    Xiang Changsha 冷、凊
    Shuangfeng 冷、凊

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 寒

    JapaneseEdit

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    寒 • (han)

    CompoundsEdit

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    寒 (hàn)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=寒&oldid=49527546"