勢

See also: 势

勢	U+52E2, 勢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E2

← 勡
[U+52E1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

勣 →
[U+52E3]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

勢 (radical 19, 力+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土戈大尸 (GIKS), four-corner 4542₇, composition ⿱埶力)

Derived charactersEdit

𫸾, 𫉥

Related charactersEdit

势 (Simplified Chinese)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 149, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2422
Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 377, character 3
Unihan data for U+52E2

ChineseEdit

trad.		勢
simp.		势

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
褹	ŋr'eːds, ŋeds
勢	*hŋjeds
藝	*ŋeds
囈	*ŋeds
埶	*ŋeds
蓺	*ŋeds
槸	*ŋeds
爇	*ŋʷjed
褻	*sŋed
暬	*sŋed
熱	*ŋjed
槷	*ŋeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋjeds): phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 力 (“power”).

EtymologyEdit

Nominalisation of 設 (OC *ŋ̊et, “to set up”), i.e. “that which is set up” (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare the following quote from Han Feizi:

吾所為言勢者，言人之所設也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

吾所为言势者，言人之所设也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

Wú suǒ wéi yán shì zhě, yán rén zhī suǒ shè yě. [Pinyin]

The setup (*ŋ̊et-s) of which I am speaking refers to what is set up (*ŋ̊et) by men.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sai³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ

(Meixian, Guangdong): si⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sè / sì

(Teochew, Peng'im): si³
Wu (Wiktionary): sr (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sai³
  - Yale: sai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè
  - Tâi-lô: sè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sex
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /se²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /se¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /se⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
  - Tâi-lô: sì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: six
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /ɕi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕi¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕi⁴¹/

Note:

sè - literary;
sì - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: si³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²¹³/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: sr (T2)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɕiᴇi^H/

Rime
Character	勢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舒制切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiaj^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛi^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ̊et-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋjeds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ syej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊et-s/
English	circumstances, setting
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勢
Reading #	1/1
No.	15089
Phonetic component	埶
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	丗
Old Chinese	/*hŋjeds/

DefinitionsEdit

勢

power; force; momentum; influence; authority
outward appearance of something
posture; position; pose; bearing
situation; circumstances; conditions
tendency; trend
male genitals
(set theory, of a set) cardinality
(physics, mathematics) potential

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 勢

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

勢

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: せ (se)
Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: ぜい (zei)
Kun: いきおい (ikioi, 勢い, Jōyō)^{←いきほひ (ikifofi, historical)}; はずみ (hazumi, 勢み)^{←はづみ (fadumi, historical)}
Nanori: きおい (kioi); ちから (chikara); ひろむ (hiromu)

CompoundsEdit

勢(せい)力(りょく)伯(はく)仲(ちゅう) (seiryokuhakuchū)
党勢(とうせい) (tōsei)
猖獗(しょうけつ) (shōketsu)
破(は)竹(ちく)の勢(いきお)い (hachiku no ikioi)
海外勢(かいがいぜい) (kaigaizei)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

勢 (eumhun 형세 세 (hyeongse se))

Hanja form^? of 세 (“force”).

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

勢: Hán Nôm readings: thế, thể

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