遠

See also: 远 and 逺
遠 U+9060, 遠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9060
← 遟
[U+905F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 遡 →
[U+9061]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

遠 (radical 162, 辵+10, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 13 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜土口女 (YGRV), four-corner 34303, composition ⿺辶袁)

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1263, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39047
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1757, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3869, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+9060

ChineseEdit

trad. 遠
simp. 远*
alternative forms 逺

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 遠
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (袁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
薳 *ɢʷalʔ
袁 *ɢʷan
園 *ɢʷan
轅 *ɢʷan
猿 *ɢʷan
榬 *ɢʷan
溒 *ɢʷan
遠 *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-wəj-n (“far”) (STEDT). Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *wəj² (“far”), whence Burmese ဝေ (we, “far”).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • huông - vernacular;
  • uōng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hn̄g/hňg/huīⁿ - vernacular;
    • oán - literary.
    Note:
    • heng6 - vernacular;
    • iang2/iêng2 - literary (iêng2 - Chaozhou).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 遠
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 云 (35)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 雲阮切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦʉɐnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷiɐnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣiuɐnX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦuanX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣiuɐnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣĭwɐnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯wɐnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuǎn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyun5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 遠
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yuǎn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hjwonX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.ɢʷanʔ/
    English far

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 遠
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 16226
    Phonetic
    component         		袁
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		遠
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷanʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    遠

    1. distant; remote; far
      Antonym: 近 (jìn)
    2. not intimate; distant
    3. profound
    4. (intensifier in a comparison) much; by far

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 遠

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    Rime
    Character 遠
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 云 (35)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 于願切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦʉɐnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷiɐnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣiuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦuanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣiuɐnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣĭwɐnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯wɐnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyun6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 遠
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 16227
    Phonetic
    component         		袁
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		遠
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷans/

    DefinitionsEdit

    遠

    1. † to distance oneself from; to keep at a distance
    2. A surname​.

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    遠

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. distant, far
    2. temporally long
    3. unfriendly, keep away
    4. deep, profound
    5. estranged
    6. Tōtōmi Province

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    とお
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨to2po⟩ → */təpo/ → /tofo/ → /towo/ → /toː/

    From Old Japanese.

    Stem of classical adjective 遠し (tōshi), modern 遠い (tōi, “distant, far”).[1]

    PrefixEdit

    遠(とお) • (tō-) ←とほ (tofo)?

    1. distant, far-off
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    おち
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    /woti/ → /wot͡ɕi/ → /ot͡ɕi/

    From Old Japanese.

    Alternative formsEdit

    PronounEdit

    遠(おち) • (ochi) ←をち (woti)?

    1. (archaic) a distant place
    2. (archaic) a time far from the present
      1. the distant past
      2. the far-off future

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    おと
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨woto2⟩ → */wotə/ → /woto/ → /oto/

    Shift from Old Japanese ochi, ancient woti (see above).[1][2]

    Alternative formsEdit

    PronounEdit

    遠(おと) • (oto) ←をと (woto)?

    1. (archaic) a distant place
    2. (archaic) a time far from the present
      1. the distant past
      2. the far-off future
    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    えん
    Grade: 2
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 遠 (MC ɦʉɐnX, “distant; remote; far”), corresponding to modern Mandarin yuǎn, Cantonese jyun5.

    As a verb in Chinese compounds like 遠色 (enshoku, “keep aloof from beauty”, kun'yomi iro o tōzaku), from Middle Chinese 遠 (MC ɦʉɐnH, “keep at a distance; keep away from”), corresponding to Mandarin yuàn, Cantonese jyun6.

    The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

    PronunciationEdit

    AffixEdit

    遠(えん) • (en) ←ゑん (wen)?

    1. distant; far; remote (in time or space)
    2. distant (in relationship); estranged
    3. deep; profound
    4. Abbreviation of 遠江国 (Tōtōmi no kuni, “Tōtōmi Province”).
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 5Edit

    Kanji in this term
    遠
    おん
    Grade: 2
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 遠 (MC ɦʉɐnX, “distant; remote; far”).

    The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

    PronunciationEdit

    AffixEdit

    遠(おん) • (on) ←をん (won)?

    1. distant; far; remote (in time, space, or relationship)
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    遠 (eumhun 멀 원 (meol won))

    1. Hanja form? of 원 (“distant; far”).

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    遠: Hán Nôm readings: viễn, vẻn, viển, vỏn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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