雨
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TranslingualEdit
Traditional | 雨 |
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Simplified | 雨 |
Japanese | 雨 |
Korean | 雨 |
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative formsEdit
- In mainland China, Japan and Korea, the inner dots of the character are written as ⿰⺀⺀, which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
- In Taiwan, Hong Kong and Vietnam, the inner dots of the character are written as 冫 and its mirror image ⿱㇀丶.
- When this character is used as an upper radical component, the form is different depending on the script used.
- For Ming typeface (明體/明朝体):
- In mainland China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, the radical component resembles ⻗ (
U+2ED7
) with four horizontal lines which is also the historical form used in the Kangxi dictionary. - In Taiwan and Hong Kong, the radical component resembles the character itself (with 冫 and its mirror image) but the lower right hook of 冂 is omitted.
- In mainland China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, the radical component resembles ⻗ (
- For regular script (楷書):
- For Ming typeface (明體/明朝体):
Han characterEdit
雨 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一中月卜 (MLBY), four-corner 10227, composition ⿻帀⿰⺀⺀(GJK) or ⿱一𠕒(HTV))
- Kangxi radical #173, ⾬.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/雨
- 𠉴, 𫰺, 𢮳, 𣷌, 𮞛, 𣍾, 𣔯, 𫋃, 𨂎, 𫒧, 𩗿, 𬵗, 𨜄, 𪂕
- 𠭍, 𨗒, 𧌙, 𨗒, 䬠, 𩳧, 𩄮, 𧓑, 𡸹, 𦲸, 𣾙, 屚, 𢉀, 𪋉
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1371, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42210
- Dae Jaweon: page 1878, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4057, character 1
- Unihan data for U+96E8
Further readingEdit
ChineseEdit
trad. | 雨 | |
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simp. # | 雨 | |
2nd round simp. | ⿻丅⿵冂⿰丶丶 | |
alternative forms | 㲾 𠕒 𠕘 𠕲 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 雨 | |||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – a cloud with drops of rain falling from it. (Compare Egyptian 𓇲.)
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/r/s-wa.
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
雨
- rain (Classifier: 陣/阵; 場/场)
- † (figurative) friend
- † (figurative) teaching; instruction
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
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DescendantsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
雨
- † to rain
- 雨我公田,遂及我私。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yù wǒ gōng tián, suì jí wǒ sī. [Pinyin]
- May it rain first on our public fields, and then come to our private!
- † to fall from the sky (like the rain)
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: う (u, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: う (u, Jōyō)
- Kun: あめ (ame, 雨, Jōyō); あま (ama, 雨, Jōyō †)
- Nanori: さめ (same); ふる (furu)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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雨 |
あめ Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨ame2⟩ → */aməɨ/ → /ame/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *amay.
Cognate with 天 (ame, unbound apophonic of ama, “sky”),[1] as in the location of clouds where water precipitates from.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- rain, rainfall
- 一雨ごとに春が来る ― hitoame goto ni haru ga kuru ― spring nears by each rainfall
- a rainy weather
- Synonym: 雨天 (uten)
- (figurative) something falling like rain
Usage notesEdit
- In some compounds, when suffixed, ame becomes same. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier same, or if this was an epenthesis for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 青 (ao, becoming sao in old compounds) and 稲 (ine, becoming shine in old compounds). Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix ᄉ (-s-) used to mark possession, much like English -s-.
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:雨.
Derived termsEdit
- 雨間 (amaai, “break in the rain”)
- 雨上り (ameagari)
- 雨脚 (amāshi), 雨足 (ameashi)
- 雨霰 (amearare)
- 雨落ち (amaochi), 雨落ち (ameochi, “raindrops fall from eaves”)
- 雨蛙 (amagaeru)
- 雨笠 (amagasa)
- 雨傘 (amagasa)
- 雨風 (amakaze), 雨風 (amekaze, “rain and wind”)
- 雨合羽 (amagappa, “raincoat”)
- 雨着 (amagi)
- 雨具 (amagu)
- 雨靴 (amagutsu)
- 雨雲 (amagumo)
- 雨曇り (amagumori, “overcast weather”)
- 雨気 (amake, “signs of rain”)
- 雨乞い (amagoi, “praying for rain”)
- 雨曝し (amazarashi, “weatherbeaten”)
- 雨支度 (amajitaku), 雨仕度 (amajitaku, “preparation for rain”)
- 雨空 (amazora, “threatening sky”)
- 雨垂れ (amadare)
- 雨続き (ametsuzuki)
- 雨粒 (amatsubu), 雨粒 (ametsubu, “raindrop”)
- 雨露 (ametsuyu)
- 雨戸 (amado)
- 雨樋 (amadoi)
- 雨降り (amefuri, “in the rain”)
- 雨水 (amamizu)
- 雨漏り (amamori, “roof leak”)
- 雨宿り (amayadori)
- 雨止み (amayami, “break in the rain”)
- 雨避け (amayoke), 雨除け (amayoke, “shelter from rain”)
- 秋雨 (akisame)
- 糸雨 (itosame)
- 大雨 (ōame)
- 樹雨 (kisame)
- 霧雨 (kirisame)
- 小雨 (kosame)
- 白雨 (shirasame)
- 長雨 (nagaame), 長雨 (nagasame)
- 俄雨 (niwakāme)
- 速雨 (hayasame), 暴雨 (hayasame)
- 春雨 (harusame)
- 氷雨 (hisame)
- 村雨 (murasame), 群雨 (murasame)
- 藪雨 (yabusame)
- 夜雨 (yosame)
- 横雨 (yokosame)
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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雨 |
う Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 雨 (MC ɦɨoX).
AffixEdit
- rain
- (figuratively) something falling like rain
- (figuratively) favor, blessing
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 雨 (MC ɦɨoX).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅮᆼ〯 (Yale: ngwǔ) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 비〮 (Yale: pí) | 우〯 (Yale: wǔ) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [우(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 우산 (雨傘, usan)
- 우박 (雨雹, ubak)
- 강우 (降雨, gang'u)
- 폭우 (暴雨, pogu)
- 우설 (雨雪, useol)
- 풍우 (風雨, pung'u)
- 뇌우 (雷雨, noe'u)
- 백우 (白雨, baegu)
- 다우 (多雨, dau)
- 산우 (山雨, sanu)
- 호우 (豪雨, hou)
- 음우 (霪雨, eumu)
- 우계 (雨季, ugye)
- 우기 (雨期, ugi)
- 우로 (雨露, uro)
- 장우 (長雨, jang'u)
- 강우 (強雨, gang'u)
- 감우 (甘雨, gamu)
- 우비 (雨備, ubi)
- 우사 (雨師, usa)
- 계우 (溪雨, gyeu)
- 자우 (慈雨, jau)
- 호우 (好雨, hou)
- 취우 (驟雨, chwiu)
- 동우 (冬雨, dong'u)
- 모우 (暮雨, mou)
- 성우 (星雨, seong'u)
- 세우 (細雨, se'u)
- 양우 (凉雨, yang'u)
- 우천 (雨天, ucheon)
- 청우 (請雨, cheong'u)
- 춘우 (春雨, chunu)
- 황우 (黃雨, hwang'u)
- 희우 (喜雨, huiu)
- 영우 (零雨, yeong'u)
- 우장 (雨裝, ujang)
- 법우 (法雨, beobu)
- 사우 (絲雨, sau)
- 우의 (雨意, uui)
- 적우 (適雨, jeogu)
- 조우 (朝雨, jou)
- 청우 (晴雨, cheong'u)
- 쾌우 (快雨, kwae'u)
- 토우 (土雨, tou)
- 하우 (下雨, hau)
- 하우 (夏雨, hau)
- 한우 (寒雨, hanu)
- 화우 (化雨, hwau)
- 괴우 (怪雨, goe'u)
- 기우 (祈雨, giu)
- 동우 (凍雨, dong'u)
- 맹우 (猛雨, maeng'u)
- 무우 (霧雨, muu)
- 미우 (微雨, miu)
- 사우 (斜雨, sau)
- 우태 (雨態, utae)
- 잔우 (殘雨, janu)
- 적우 (積雨, jeogu)
- 탄우 (彈雨, tanu)
- 택우 (澤雨, taegu)
- 효우 (曉雨, hyou)
- 홍우 (紅雨, hong'u)
- 회우 (灰雨, hoe'u)
- 앙우 (秧雨, ang'u)
- 증우 (蒸雨, jeung'u)
- 우가 (雨家, uga)
- 우모 (雨毛, umo)
- 우실 (雨實, usil)
- 우어 (雨魚, ueo)
- 우량 (雨量, uryang)
- 황매우 (黃梅雨, hwangmae'u)
- 분룡우 (分龍雨, bullyong'u)
- 탁어우 (濯魚雨, tageou)
- 탁지우 (擢枝雨, takjiu)
- 일서우 (一鋤雨, ilseou)
- 기우비 (旗雨備, giubi)
- 탁지우 (擢枝雨, takjiu)
- 세우사풍 (細雨斜風, se'usapung)
- 열대우림 (熱帶雨林, yeoldae'urim)
- 호풍환우 (呼風喚雨, hopunghwanu)
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
MiyakoEdit
KanjiEdit
NounEdit
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *ami.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Old JapaneseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Japonic *amay.
Cognate with 天 (ame2, “sky”),[1] as in the location of clouds where water precipitates from.
NounEdit
雨 (ame2) (kana あめ)
Usage notesEdit
- In some compounds, when prefixed, ame becomes the bound apophonic ama.
- In some compounds, when suffixed, ame becomes same.
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:雨.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 雨 (ame)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
雨: Hán Việt readings: vũ[1][2]
雨: Nôm readings: vũ[1][3][4]
ReferencesEdit
YonaguniEdit
KanjiEdit
NounEdit
YoronEdit
KanjiEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 長雨 (nagami)