妨

妨	U+59A8, 妨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59A8

Translingual edit

Stroke order

Han character edit

妨 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女卜竹尸 (VYHS), four-corner 4042₇, composition ⿰女方)

Derived characters edit

𬜹

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 257, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6111
Dae Jaweon: page 522, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1033, character 4
Unihan data for U+59A8

Chinese edit

trad.		妨
simp. ^#		妨
alternative forms		㤃

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
縍	*paːŋ
榜	paːŋʔ, praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡	paːŋʔ, braːŋ
牓	*paːŋʔ
螃	paːŋʔ, paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒	paːŋs, braːŋ
舫	paːŋs, paŋs
謗	*paːŋs
雱	*pʰaːŋ
磅	pʰaːŋ, pʰraːŋ
霶	*pʰaːŋ
滂	*pʰaːŋ
鎊	*pʰaːŋ
髈	pʰaːŋʔ, baːŋ
彷	baːŋ, pʰaŋʔ
趽	baːŋ, paŋ, *paŋs
房	baːŋ, baŋ
篣	baːŋ, braːŋ
騯	baːŋ, praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍	baːŋ, baːŋs
膀	*baːŋ
旁	*baːŋ
徬	*baːŋs
閍	*praːŋ
祊	*praːŋ
嗙	*praːŋ
方	paŋ, baŋ
汸	*paŋ
坊	paŋ, baŋ
邡	paŋ, pʰaŋs
枋	*paŋ
鈁	*paŋ
蚄	*paŋ
肪	paŋ, baŋ
鴋	paŋ, baŋ
牥	*paŋ
昉	*paŋʔ
瓬	*paŋʔ
放	paŋʔ, paŋs
倣	*paŋʔ
芳	*pʰaŋ
淓	*pʰaŋ
妨	pʰaŋ, pʰaŋs
紡	*pʰaŋʔ
仿	*pʰaŋʔ
髣	*pʰaŋʔ
鶭	*pʰaŋʔ
訪	*pʰaŋs
防	baŋ, baŋs
魴	*baŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). 方 also once bore the now-obsolete meaning of "take up" (space), which can explain the meaning of this character as being "to obstruct someone from approaching a woman".

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fáng (fang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fòng

(Meixian, Guangdong): fong²
Eastern Min (BUC): huòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hóng / hông / hong

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fáng
  - Wade–Giles: fang²
  - Yale: fáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farng
  - Palladius: фан (fan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fong⁴
  - Yale: fòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: fongˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong²
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fong²
  - Sinological IPA: /fɔŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
  - Tâi-lô: hóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: horng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
  - Tâi-lô: hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
  - Tâi-lô: hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: phjang, phjangH

Rime
Character	妨	妨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	敷方切	敷亮切
Baxter	phjang	phjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰʉɐŋ/	/pʰʉɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷiɐŋ/	/pʰʷiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuɑŋ/	/pʰiuɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuaŋ/	/pʰuaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/pʰiuaŋ/	/pʰiuaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/pʰĭwaŋ/	/pʰĭwaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰiwaŋ/	/pʰiwaŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fāng	fàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong¹	fong³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaŋ/, /*pʰaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	妨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fáng
Middle Chinese	‹ phjang ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰaŋ/
English	oppose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妨	妨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3043	3050
Phonetic component	方	方
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	芳	訪
Old Chinese	/*pʰaŋ/	/*pʰaŋs/