雱

雱	U+96F1, 雱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F1

Translingual edit

Han character edit

雱 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一月卜竹尸 (MBYHS), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱雨方)

snowing heavily

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42233
Dae Jaweon: page 1879, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4059, character 13
Unihan data for U+96F1

Chinese edit

trad.		雱
simp. ^#		雱
alternative forms		䨦

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
縍	*paːŋ
榜	paːŋʔ, praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡	paːŋʔ, braːŋ
牓	*paːŋʔ
螃	paːŋʔ, paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒	paːŋs, braːŋ
舫	paːŋs, paŋs
謗	*paːŋs
雱	*pʰaːŋ
磅	pʰaːŋ, pʰraːŋ
霶	*pʰaːŋ
滂	*pʰaːŋ
鎊	*pʰaːŋ
髈	pʰaːŋʔ, baːŋ
彷	baːŋ, pʰaŋʔ
趽	baːŋ, paŋ, *paŋs
房	baːŋ, baŋ
篣	baːŋ, braːŋ
騯	baːŋ, praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍	baːŋ, baːŋs
膀	*baːŋ
旁	*baːŋ
徬	*baːŋs
閍	*praːŋ
祊	*praːŋ
嗙	*praːŋ
方	paŋ, baŋ
汸	*paŋ
坊	paŋ, baŋ
邡	paŋ, pʰaŋs
枋	*paŋ
鈁	*paŋ
蚄	*paŋ
肪	paŋ, baŋ
鴋	paŋ, baŋ
牥	*paŋ
昉	*paŋʔ
瓬	*paŋʔ
放	paŋʔ, paŋs
倣	*paŋʔ
芳	*pʰaŋ
淓	*pʰaŋ
妨	pʰaŋ, pʰaŋs
紡	*pʰaŋʔ
仿	*pʰaŋʔ
髣	*pʰaŋʔ
鶭	*pʰaŋʔ
訪	*pʰaŋs
防	baŋ, baŋs
魴	*baŋ

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).

Insides Sinitic, 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) is cognate with 霙 (OC *ʔraŋ) "sleet, snowflake", 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ) & 凌 (OC *[r]əŋ ~ p.rəŋ) (both meaning "ice"), & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);

Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pāng, páng (pang¹, pang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄤ, ㄆㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pong⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pang
  - Wade–Giles: pʻang¹
  - Yale: pāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pang
  - Palladius: пан (pan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: páng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: páng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻang²
  - Yale: páng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parng
  - Palladius: пан (pan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pong⁴
  - Yale: pòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: pong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔːŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: phang

Rime
Character	雱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	普郎切
Baxter	phang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaŋ/
Li Rong	/pʰɑŋ/
Wang Li	/pʰɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	雱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	páng
Middle Chinese	‹ phang ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰˁaŋ/
English	heavy snowfall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雱
Reading #	1/1
No.	2994
Phonetic component	方
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	滂
Old Chinese	/*pʰaːŋ/

Definitions edit

雱

(literary, of snowfall or rainfall) heavy; blanketing
- 北風其涼、雨雪其雱。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  北风其凉、雨雪其雱。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Běifēng qí liáng, yǔxuě qí pāng. [Pinyin]
  Cold does the north wind blow; heavy fall the rain and snow.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

雱

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

On (unclassified): ほう (hō)