矺

矺	U+77FA, 矺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77FA

Translingual

Han character

矺 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一口竹心 (MRHP), four-corner 1261₄, composition ⿰石乇)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24041
Dae Jaweon: page 1241, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2417, character 14
Unihan data for U+77FA

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乇) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
咤	ʔr'aː, ʔr'aːɡs
吒	*ʔr'aːɡs
灹	*ʔr'aːɡs
矺	ʔr'aːɡs, ʔl'aːb, ʔl'aːɡ, l̥ʰaːɡ, *ʔr'eːɡ
奼	ʔr'aːɡs, hr'aːʔ, *ʔl'aːɡs
侘	hr'aː, hr'aːɡs
詫	*hr'aːɡs
秅	r'aː, ʔl'aːɡs
秺	*ʔl'aːɡs
亳	*blaːɡ
托	*l̥ʰaːɡ
託	*l̥ʰaːɡ
魠	*l̥ʰaːɡ
馲	l̥ʰaːɡ, raːɡ, *ʔr'aːɡ
侂	*l̥ʰaːɡ
飥	*l̥ʰaːɡ
仛	*l'aːɡ
虴	*pr'aːɡ
杔	*ʔr'aːɡ
乇	*ʔr'aːɡ
宅	*r'aːɡ
厇	*ʔr'eːɡ

Etymology 1

trad.		矺
simp. ^#		矺

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhé, dā (zhe², da¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˊ, ㄉㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhé
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhé
  - Wade–Giles: chê²
  - Yale: jé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jer
  - Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dā
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: da
  - Wade–Giles: ta¹
  - Yale: dā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: da
  - Palladius: да (da)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaak³
  - Yale: jaak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: zag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːk̚³/

Middle Chinese: thak, treak, tap

Rime
Character	矺	矺	矺
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	知 (9)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	麥 (119)	盍 (144)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II	I
Fanqie	他各切	陟革切	都榼切
Baxter	thak	treak	tap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑk̚/	/ʈˠɛk̚/	/tɑp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑk̚/	/ʈᵚæk̚/	/tɑp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑk̚/	/ȶɐk̚/	/tɑp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰak̚/	/ʈəɨjk̚/	/tap̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑk̚/	/ȶɛk̚/	/tɑp̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑk̚/	/ȶæk̚/	/tɑp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑk̚/	/ȶæk̚/	/tɑp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuo	zhe	da
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tok³	zak¹	daap³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔr'aːɡs/, /*ʔl'aːb/, /*ʔl'aːɡ/, /*l̥ʰaːɡ/, /*ʔr'eːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矺	矺	矺	矺	矺
Reading #	1/5	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5
No.	16903	16913	16915	16922	16931
Phonetic component	乇	乇	乇	乇	乇
Rime group	暮	盍	鐸	鐸	錫
Rime subdivision	0	1	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	吒	㿴		託	摘
Old Chinese	/*ʔr'aːɡs/	/*ʔl'aːb/	/*ʔl'aːɡ/	/*l̥ʰaːɡ/	/*ʔr'eːɡ/
Notes	都榼切注又切			見儀禮鄭注

Definitions

矺

to strike; to hit
Alternative form of 磔 (zhé, “torture in the form of dismemberment”)

Etymology 2

trad.		矺
simp. ^#		矺
alternative forms		笮磧／碛砸 Cantonese 責／责 Cantonese 壓／压 Eastern Min

The Cantonese, Hakka and Gan forms are possibly cognate with Min Nan 硩 (teh, “to press down on”), Eastern Min 矺 (dáh, “to press down on”) (Li, 2002).

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak⁶ / zaak³
Gan (Wiktionary): zah⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chak

(Meixian, Guangdong): zag⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): dáh

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaak⁶ / zaak³
  - Yale: jaahk / jaak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak⁹ / dzaak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: zag⁶ / zag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːk̚²/, /t͡saːk̚³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zah⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saʔ⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chak
  - Hakka Romanization System: zag`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sak̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sak̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dáh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʔ²⁴/

Definitions

矺

(Cantonese, Hakka, Gan, Eastern Min) to press down on
(Cantonese) to weigh down

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 壓 (“to press down on”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		壓
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		壓
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	壓
	Taiwan	壓
	Singapore	壓
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	壓
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	壓
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	壓, 榨
	Wuhan	壓
	Guilin	壓
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	磕, 壓
Cantonese	Guangzhou	矺, 壓
	Hong Kong	矺, 壓
	Yangjiang	㩒, 扎, 壓
	Nanning	矺
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	矺
Gan	Nanchang	矺, 壓
Hakka	Meixian	矺
	Huidong (Daling)	矺
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	矺
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	矺
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	矺
	Wengyuan	矺
	Liannan	矺
	Jiexi	矺
	Luhe	矺
	Changting	矺
	Wuping	矺
	Wuping (Yanqian)	矺
	Wuping (Pingyu)	矺
	Liancheng	矺
	Ninghua	矺
	Ningdu	矺
	Ruijin	矺
	Shicheng	矺
	Shangyou (Shexi)	矺
	Tonggu (Sandu)	矺
	Dayu	矺
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	矺
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	矺
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	矺
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	矺
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	矺
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	矺
	Hong Kong	矺
	Mengshan (Xihe)	矺
	Senai (Huiyang)	矺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	壓
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	矺
	Fuzhou (Changle)	矺
	Fuqing	矺
	Yongtai	矺
	Gutian	矺
	Fu'an	矺
	Ningde	矺
	Shouning	矺
	Zhouning	矺
	Fuding	矺
Southern Min	Xiamen	硩
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	硩
	Quanzhou	硩
	Jinjiang	硩
	Zhangzhou	硩
	Tainan	硩
	Penang (Hokkien)	硩
	Singapore (Hokkien)	硩
	Manila (Hokkien)	硩
	Chaozhou	硩
	Shantou	硩
	Shantou (Chenghai)	硩
	Jieyang	硩
	Lufeng	硩
	Haifeng	硩
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	硩
	Leizhou	硩
	Haikou	硩
Wu	Shanghai	壓
	Suzhou	壓
	Wenzhou	榨, 塸, 壓
Xiang	Changsha	壓
Xiang	Shuangfeng	榨

Compounds

一個招牌砸落嚟／一个招牌砸落嚟 (Cantonese)
大石砸死蟹 (daai⁶ sek⁶ zaak³ sei² haai⁵) (Cantonese)
畀鬼砸 (Cantonese)
砸嚫／砸𰈍 (Cantonese)
砸年 (Cantonese)
砸數／砸数 (zaak⁶ sou³) (Cantonese)
砸界 (Cantonese)
砸袋 (Cantonese)

Korean

Hanja

矺 • (tak) (hangeul 탁)

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