各
See also: 名
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Translingual
edit| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
edit各 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹水口 (HER), four-corner 27604, composition ⿱夂口)
Derived characters
edit各 (OC *klaːɡ) (by Zhengzhang Shangfang) is frequently used to demonstrate the presence of consonant cluster initials in Old Chinese:
- (k/g-): 客, 愘, 揢, 閣(阁), 擱(搁), 格, 鉻(铬), 咯, 胳, 硌, 骼, 袼, 挌, 茖, 佫, 敋, 鮥, 臵, 餎(饹), 觡, 鵅, 蛒, 恪
- (l-): 洛, 洜, 落, 絡(络), 酪, 烙, 珞, 路, 略/畧, 餎(饹), 駱(骆), 雒, 峈, 硌, 詻, 鮥, 笿
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3281
- Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 583, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5404
Chinese
edit| simp. and trad. |
各 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𭶻 ⿱夂厶 | |
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 各 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夂 (“sole of foot”) + 口 – to come, to enter; original form of 𢓜 and 格 (OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ).
Etymology
editSino-Tibetan. Derived from 舉 (OC kaʔ) with distributive suffix -k. Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ka (“all”) (Schuessler, 2007)
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): go2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): goh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gah4
- Northern Min (KCR): gŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): gáuk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 7koq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): go6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gè
- Wade–Giles: ko4
- Yale: gè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geh
- Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: go2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: go
- Sinological IPA (key): /ko²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gok3
- Yale: gok
- Cantonese Pinyin: gok8
- Guangdong Romanization: gog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gok2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔk̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: goh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kok
- Hakka Romanization System: gogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gog5
- Sinological IPA: /kok̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gah4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kaʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gáuk
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑuʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- koh - vernacular;
- kok - literary.
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 各 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kɤ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /kɤ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /kɤ⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /kə²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /kuə⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /kɤ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /kɤ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /kɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kə¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /kə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /kuo³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ko³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ko²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ko³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /koʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /kɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kaʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /kʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /kaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /koʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /koʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ko²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /kɔʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /ko⁵/ /kʰo⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ko²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ko²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kɔʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kok̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kok̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɔk̚³/ |
| Nanning | /kɔk̚³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kɔk̚³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kɔk̚³²/ /koʔ³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɔʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kɔ²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /kak̚²/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /ko³³/ ～自 /ko⁵⁵/ ～個 |
- Middle Chinese: kak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*klaːɡ/
Definitions
edit各
Compounds
edit- 人各有志 (rén gè yǒuzhì)
- 人持各見／人持各见
- 分財各居／分财各居
- 加爾各答／加尔各答 (Jiā'ěrgèdá)
- 各不相犯
- 各不相謀／各不相谋
- 各不相讓／各不相让
- 各不相關／各不相关
- 各不相顧／各不相顾
- 各人 (gèrén)
- 各位 (gèwèi)
- 各個／各个 (gègè)
- 各個擊破／各个击破 (gègèjīpò)
- 各別／各别 (gèbié)
- 各剌剌
- 各半 (gèbàn)
- 各司其事
- 各各 (gègè)
- 各國／各国 (gèguó)
- 各執一詞／各执一词 (gèzhíyīcí)
- 各執己見／各执己见 (gèzhíjǐjiàn)
- 各執所見／各执所见
- 各奔前程
- 各奔東西／各奔东西
- 同居各爨
- 各展其長／各展其长
- 同床各夢／同床各梦
- 各式
- 各式各樣／各式各样 (gèshìgèyàng)
- 各得其宜
- 各從其志／各从其志
- 各得其所 (gèdéqísuǒ)
- 各憑本事／各凭本事
- 各懷一心／各怀一心 (gè huái yīxīn)
- 各懷異心／各怀异心
- 各懷鬼胎／各怀鬼胎 (gèhuáiguǐtāi)
- 各抒己見／各抒己见 (gèshūjǐjiàn)
- 各抱一角
- 各持己見／各持己见 (gèchíjǐjiàn)
- 各支支
- 各方 (gèfāng)
- 各有千秋 (gèyǒuqiānqiū)
- 各有各的
- 各有所長／各有所长 (gèyǒusuǒcháng)
- 各樣／各样 (gèyàng)
- 各為其主／各为其主
- 各琅琅
- 各界 (gèjiè)
- 各界人士 (gèjiè rénshì)
- 各異其趣／各异其趣
- 各白世人
- 各盡其用／各尽其用
- 各盡所能／各尽所能
- 各省
- 各相
- 各眾／各众
- 各種／各种 (gèzhǒng)
- 各自 (gèzì)
- 各自東西／各自东西
- 各自為戰／各自为战 (gèzìwéizhàn)
- 各自為政／各自为政 (gèzìwéizhèng)
- 各自獨立／各自独立
- 各自進行／各自进行
- 各色 (gèsè)
- 各處／各处 (gèchù)
- 各行其志
- 各行其是 (gèxíngqíshì)
- 各行各業／各行各业 (gèhánggèyè)
- 各衣另飯／各衣另饭
- 各說各話／各说各话 (gèshuōgèhuà)
- 各路 (gèlù)
- 各門另戶／各门另户
- 各闢蹊徑／各辟蹊径
- 各霸一方
- 各項／各项 (gèxiàng)
- 各類／各类 (gèlèi)
- 各顯神通／各显神通 (gèxiǎnshéntōng)
- 大閆各莊／大闫各庄 (Dàyángèzhuāng)
- 天各一方 (tiāngèyīfāng)
- 急并各邦
- 波多黎各 (Bōduōlígè)
- 泰系各族
- 物各有主
- 骨肉各方
Descendants
editPronunciation 2
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gě
- Wade–Giles: ko3
- Yale: gě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gee
- Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
edit各
- (dialectal, derogatory) sticking out; odd; unusual
- Used in 自各兒／自各儿.
Synonyms
edit- (sticking out):
Compounds
editJapanese
editKanji
edit各
Readings
editEtymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 各 |
| かく Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 各 (MC kak).
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 各 |
| おのおの Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 各 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 各, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
edit- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editHanja
editTày
editDeterminer
edit各 (các)
- Nôm form of các (“Plural marker”).
- 各𫰇咳各娘
- Các noọng ới các nàng
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
References
edit- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit各: Hán Việt readings: các[1][2][3], cách[1]
各: Nôm readings: các[1][2], gác[1][3], cắc[1][4], gạc[1][4], gật[3][4]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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