各

See also: 名

各 U+5404, 各 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5404 ← 吃 [U+5403] CJK Unified Ideographs 吅 → [U+5405]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

各 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹水口 (HER), four-corner 2760₄, composition ⿱夂口)

Derived characters

各 (OC *klaːɡ) (by Zhengzhang Shangfang) is frequently used to demonstrate the presence of consonant cluster initials in Old Chinese:

• (k/g-): 客, 愘, 揢, 閣(阁), 擱(搁), 格, 鉻(铬), 咯, 胳, 硌, 骼, 袼, 挌, 茖, 佫, 敋, 鮥, 臵, 餎(饹), 觡, 鵅, 蛒, 恪
• (l-): 洛, 洜, 落, 絡(络), 酪, 烙, 珞, 路, 略/畧, 餎(饹), 駱(骆), 雒, 峈, 硌, 詻, 鮥, 笿

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3281
• Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 583, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5404

Chinese

simp. and trad.		各
alternative forms		𭶻 ⿱夂厶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 各
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
髂	*kʰraːɡs
路	*ɡ·raːɡs
輅	*ɡ·raːɡs
賂	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
露	*ɡ·raːɡs
潞	*raːɡs
鷺	*raːɡs
璐	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
洛	*ɡ·raːɡ
駱	*ɡ·raːɡ
絡	*ɡ·raːɡ
酪	*ɡ·raːɡ
烙	*ɡ·raːɡ
雒	*ɡ·raːɡ
珞	*ɡ·raːɡ
硌	*ɡ·raːɡ
袼	*ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落	*ɡ·raːɡ
各	*klaːɡ
胳	*klaːɡ
閣	*klaːɡ
格	*klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱	*klaːɡ
恪	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
貉	*ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
佫	*ɡlaːɡ
略	*ɡ·raɡ
茖	*kraːɡ
骼	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
客	*kʰraːɡ
喀	*kʰraːɡ
揢	*kʰraːɡ
額	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
頟	*ŋɡraːɡ
詻	*ŋɡraːɡ
垎	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 夂 (“sole of foot”) + 口 – to come, to enter; original form of 𢓜 and 格 (OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ). The mouth could be referred to the entrance of a cavern or building (see 高, 去 and 谷; however, this is not the case in 向). Compare 出.

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan. Derived from 舉 (OC kaʔ) with distributive suffix -k. Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ka (“all”) (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): gè (ge⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): go²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gok³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gok²

• Gan (Wiktionary): goh⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kok

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gog⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): gah⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): gŏ̤
• Eastern Min (BUC): gáuk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): koh / kok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gag⁴

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷koq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): go⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gè
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gè
    • Wade–Giles: ko⁴
    • Yale: gè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geh
    • Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: go²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: go
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gok³
    • Yale: gok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: gog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːk̚³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gok²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔk̚⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: goh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔʔ⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kok
    • Hakka Romanization System: gog^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kok̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kɔk̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: gah⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kaʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáuk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑuʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh
    • Tâi-lô: koh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koiq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /koʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /koʔ⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
    • Tâi-lô: kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kog
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/

Note:

• koh - vernacular;
• kok - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gag⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kak
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kak̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷koq
    • MiniDict: koh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴koq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /koʔ⁴³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: go⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 各
Mandarin	Beijing	/kɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/kə²¹/
	Qingdao	/kuə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kɤ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kɤ²¹/
	Xining	/kɔ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kuo³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ko³¹/
	Guiyang	/ko²¹/
	Kunming	/ko³¹/
	Nanjing	/koʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/koʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/koʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/koʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ko²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kɔʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/ko⁵/ /kʰo⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ko²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ko²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kok̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kok̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɔk̚³/
	Nanning	/kɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kɔk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kɔk̚³²/ /koʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kɔʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ko³³/ ～自 /ko⁵⁵/ ～個

---

• Middle Chinese: kak

Rime
Character	各
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古落切
Baxter	kak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kak̚/
Li Rong	/kɑk̚/
Wang Li	/kɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ge
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	各
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gè
Middle Chinese	‹ kak ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁak/
English	each
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	各
Reading #	1/1
No.	3881
Phonetic component	各
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	各
Old Chinese	/*klaːɡ/

Definitions

各

1. each; every (determiner)

   各種各樣／各种各样  ―  gèzhǒnggèyàng  ―  all sorts

   各位  ―  gèwèi  ―  everyone present; you all; everybody

   Synonym: 每 (měi)

2. each (adverb)

   各盡其責／各尽其责  ―  gè jìn qí zé  ―  each fulfils his/her responsibilities

3. a surname

Compounds

• 人各有志 (réngèyǒuzhì)
• 人持各見 / 人持各见
• 分財各居 / 分财各居
• 加爾各答 / 加尔各答 (Jiā'ěrgèdá)
• 各不相犯
• 各不相謀 / 各不相谋
• 各不相讓 / 各不相让
• 各不相關 / 各不相关
• 各不相顧 / 各不相顾
• 各人 (gèrén)
• 各位 (gèwèi)
• 各個 / 各个 (gègè)
• 各個擊破 / 各个击破 (gègèjīpò)
• 各別 / 各别 (gèbié)
• 各剌剌
• 各半 (gèbàn)
• 各司其事
• 各各 (gègè)
• 各國 / 各国 (gèguó)
• 各執一詞 / 各执一词 (gèzhíyīcí)
• 各執己見 / 各执己见 (gèzhíjǐjiàn)
• 各執所見 / 各执所见
• 各奔前程
• 各奔東西 / 各奔东西
• 同居各爨
• 各展其長 / 各展其长
• 同床各夢 / 同床各梦
• 各式
• 各式各樣 / 各式各样 (gèshìgèyàng)
• 各得其宜
• 各從其志 / 各从其志
• 各得其所 (gèdéqísuǒ)
• 各憑本事 / 各凭本事
• 各懷一心 / 各怀一心 (gè huái yīxīn)
• 各懷異心 / 各怀异心
• 各懷鬼胎 / 各怀鬼胎 (gèhuáiguǐtāi)
• 各抒己見 / 各抒己见 (gèshūjǐjiàn)
• 各抱一角
• 各持己見 / 各持己见 (gèchíjǐjiàn)
• 各支支
• 各方 (gèfāng)
• 各有千秋 (gèyǒuqiānqiū)
• 各有各的
• 各有所長 / 各有所长 (gèyǒusuǒcháng)
• 各樣 / 各样 (gèyàng)
• 各為其主 / 各为其主
• 各琅琅
• 各界 (gèjiè)
• 各界人士 (gèjiè rénshì)
• 各異其趣 / 各异其趣
• 各白世人
• 各盡其用 / 各尽其用
• 各盡所能 / 各尽所能
• 各省
• 各相
• 各眾 / 各众
• 各種 / 各种 (gèzhǒng)
• 各自 (gèzì)
• 各自東西 / 各自东西
• 各自為戰 / 各自为战 (gèzìwéizhàn)
• 各自為政 / 各自为政 (gèzìwéizhèng)
• 各自獨立 / 各自独立
• 各自進行 / 各自进行
• 各色 (gèsè)
• 各處 / 各处 (gèchù)
• 各行其志
• 各行其是 (gèxíngqíshì)
• 各行各業 / 各行各业 (gèhánggèyè)
• 各衣另飯 / 各衣另饭
• 各說各話 / 各说各话 (gèshuōgèhuà)
• 各路 (gèlù)
• 各門另戶 / 各门另户
• 各闢蹊徑 / 各辟蹊径
• 各霸一方
• 各項 / 各项 (gèxiàng)
• 各類 / 各类 (gèlèi)
• 各顯神通 / 各显神通 (gèxiǎnshéntōng)
• 大閆各莊 / 大闫各庄 (Dàyángèzhuāng)
• 天各一方 (tiāngèyīfāng)
• 急并各邦
• 波多黎各 (Bōduōlígè)
• 泰系各族
• 物各有主
• 骨肉各方

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (各):

• → Vietnamese: các (各)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gě (ge³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gě
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gě
    • Wade–Giles: ko³
    • Yale: gě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gee
    • Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ²¹⁴/

Definitions

各

1. (dialectal, derogatory) sticking out; odd; unusual
2. Used in 自各兒／自各儿.

Synonyms

• (sticking out):

edit

• 別樣 / 别样 (biéyàng)
• 奇特 (qítè)
• 專有 / 专有 (zhuānyǒu) (attributive)
• 殊異 / 殊异 (shūyì) (literary)
• 特別 / 特别 (tèbié)
• 特有 (tèyǒu) (attributive)
• 特殊 (tèshū)
• 特異 / 特异 (tèyì)
• 獨特 / 独特 (dútè)
• 非常 (fēicháng) (formal)

Compounds

• 自各兒 / 自各儿 (zìgěr)

Japanese

Kanji

各

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. each
2. every
3. either

Readings

• Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
• Kun: おのおの (onoono, 各, Jōyō)、おの (ono, 各)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
各
かく Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 各 (MC kak).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かく [káꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠kɯ̟]

Prefix

各(かく) • (kaku-) 

1. each

Derived terms

• 各(かっ)国(こく) (kakkoku)
• 各(かく)種(しゅ) (kakushu)
• 各(かく)停(てい) (kakutei)
• 各(かく)駅(えき)停(てい)車(しゃ) (kakuekiteisha)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
各
おのおの Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 各 – see the following entry.

【各々おのおの】 [noun] each, every [pronoun] you all

(This term, 各, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

各 (eumhun 각각 각 (gakgak gak))

1. hanja form^? of 각 (“each”)

Tày

Determiner

各 (các)

1. Nôm form of các (“Plural marker”).

   各𫰇咳各娘

   Các noọng ới các nàng

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

• Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

各: Hán Việt readings: các, cách
各: Nôm readings: các, gác, cắc, gạc, gật

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.