餲

餲 U+9932, 餲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9932 ← 餱 [U+9931] CJK Unified Ideographs 餳 → [U+9933]

Translingual

Han character

餲 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 人戈日心女 (OIAPV), four-corner 8672₇, composition ⿰飠曷)

1. putrid

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1423, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44278
• Dae Jaweon: page 1948, character 33
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4464, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9932

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 餲
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愒	*kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	*qaːds, *qaːd
餲	*qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝	*qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	*kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈	*ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲	*kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	*klaːd, *rab
渴	*kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	*qʰaːd, *qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	*ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	*kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	*kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	*ɡrad, *ɡad
碣	*ɡrad, *ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd): semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

Etymology 1

trad.		餲
simp.		𮩝

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): aat³, aai³
• Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): ái

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ài
    • Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ài
    • Wade–Giles: ai⁴
    • Yale: ài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
    • Palladius: ай (aj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: aat³, aai³
    • Yale: aat, aai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: aat⁸, aai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ad³, ai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːt̚³/, /aːi̯³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ái
    • Tâi-lô: ái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ae
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ai⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ai⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jejH, 'aejH, 'at

Rime
Character	餲	餲	餲
Reading #	1/4	2/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	祭 (37)	夬 (29)	寒 (63)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II	I
Fanqie	於罽切	於犗切	烏葛切
Baxter	'jejH	'aejH	'at
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇiH/	/ʔˠaiH/	/ʔɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛiH/	/ʔᵚaiH/	/ʔɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæiH/	/ʔaiH/	/ʔɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiajH/	/ʔaɨjsH/	/ʔat̚/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛiH/	/ʔaiH/	/ʔɑt̚/
Wang Li	/ĭɛiH/	/æiH/	/ɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛiH/	/ʔaiH/	/ʔɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	yè	e
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jai3	aai3	ot3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qraːds/, /*qrads/, /*qaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	餲	餲	餲
Reading #	1/4	2/4	4/4
No.	5014	5019	5040
Phonetic component	曷	曷	曷
Rime group	祭	祭	月
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	喝	䋵	遏
Old Chinese	/*qraːds/	/*qrads/	/*qaːd/

Definitions

餲

1. ^† (of food) to become spoiled after a long time

Etymology 2

trad.		餲
simp.		𮩝

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hé (he²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hé
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hé
    • Wade–Giles: ho²
    • Yale: hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
    • Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: hat

Rime
Character	餲
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	寒 (63)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡葛切
Baxter	hat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦat̚/
Li Rong	/ɣɑt̚/
Wang Li	/ɣɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hot6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	餲
Reading #	3/4
No.	5035
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	曷
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːd/

Definitions

餲

1. ^† a kind of fried food made of flour

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 餲 – see 胺 (“amine; to rot and smell; etc.”). (This character, 餲, is a variant form of 胺.)

References

• “餲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

餲

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. spoiled
2. sour
3. moldy

Readings

• On (unclassified): えい (ei); あつ (atsu); あち (achi); あい (ai)
• Kun: くさる (kusaru)

Korean

Hanja

餲 (eum 애 (ae))

1. spoiled
2. oil-and-honey pastry

Vietnamese

Han character

餲: Hán Nôm readings: ưởi

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