alma

See also: ALMA, Alma, and álma

English

Alternative forms

• almah

Etymology

From colloquial Arabic عَالِمَة (ʕālima, “singer”), originally a feminine adjective meaning “learned, knowledgeable”, from عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈæl.mə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: al‧ma

Noun

alma (plural almas or alma or awalim)

1. An Egyptian female singer or dancing-girl employed for entertainment or as a professional mourner.

Anagrams

• amla, Alam, lama, Amal, laam, Lama, mala, LAMA

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin anima.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈalma/ [ˈal.ma]
• Rhymes: -alma
• Syllabification: al‧ma

Noun

alma f (plural almes)

1. soul

   Synonyms: ánima, espíritu

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		алма
Abjad		آلما

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *alma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑɫˈmɑ/

• Azerbaijani:

  (file)

Noun

alma (definite accusative almanı, plural almalar)

1. apple

Declension

Declension of alma

	singular	plural
nominative	alma	almalar
definite accusative	almanı	almaları
dative	almaya	almalara
locative	almada	almalarda
ablative	almadan	almalardan
definite genitive	almanın	almaların

Possessive forms of alma

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	almam	almalarım
sənin (“your”)	alman	almaların
onun (“his/her/its”)	alması	almaları
bizim (“our”)	almamız	almalarımız
sizin (“your”)	almanız	almalarınız
onların (“their”)	alması or almaları	almaları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	almamı	almalarımı
sənin (“your”)	almanı	almalarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	almasını	almalarını
bizim (“our”)	almamızı	almalarımızı
sizin (“your”)	almanızı	almalarınızı
onların (“their”)	almasını or almalarını	almalarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	almama	almalarıma
sənin (“your”)	almana	almalarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	almasına	almalarına
bizim (“our”)	almamıza	almalarımıza
sizin (“your”)	almanıza	almalarınıza
onların (“their”)	almasına or almalarına	almalarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	almamda	almalarımda
sənin (“your”)	almanda	almalarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	almasında	almalarında
bizim (“our”)	almamızda	almalarımızda
sizin (“your”)	almanızda	almalarınızda
onların (“their”)	almasında or almalarında	almalarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	almamdan	almalarımdan
sənin (“your”)	almandan	almalarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	almasından	almalarından
bizim (“our”)	almamızdan	almalarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	almanızdan	almalarınızdan
onların (“their”)	almasından or almalarından	almalarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	almamın	almalarımın
sənin (“your”)	almanın	almalarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	almasının	almalarının
bizim (“our”)	almamızın	almalarımızın
sizin (“your”)	almanızın	almalarınızın
onların (“their”)	almasının or almalarının	almalarının

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɑɫ.mɑ]

Verb

alma

1. second-person singular negative imperative of almaq

Crimean Tatar

Alternative forms

• elma

Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *alma.

Noun

alma

1. apple

Declension

Declension of alma

nominative	alma
genitive	almanıñ
dative	almağa
accusative	almanı
locative	almada
ablative	almadan

Gagauz

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish آلْمَه (alma), آلْمَا (alma), from Proto-Common Turkic *alma. Compare Turkish elma, Azerbaijani alma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑɫˈmɑ/
• Hyphenation: al‧ma

Noun

alma (definite accusative almayı, plural almalar)

1. apple tree
2. apple

Declension

Declension of alma

	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	alma	almalar
definite accusative (belirtme)	almayı	almaları
dative (yönelme)	almaya	almalara
locative (bulunma)	almada	almalarda
ablative (çıkma)	almadan	almalardan
genitive (tamlayan)	almanın	almaların

Derived terms

• Beşalma
• er alması

Further reading

• N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “алма”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 42

Galician

Alternative forms

• ialma

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese alma, from Latin anima. The dialectal form ialma contains an antihiatic sandhi semi-vowel generated in the usual expression a alma, "the soul". Doublet of ánima.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈalma/ [ˈɑl.mɐ]
• IPA^(key): /ˈjalma/ [ˈjɑl.mɐ] (dialectal, corresponding to the form ialma)
• Rhymes: -alma
• Hyphenation: al‧ma

Noun

alma f (plural almas)

1. soul (of a living person)
   • 1594, anonymous author, Entremés dos pastores:

     Ay Jan cata non te enfermes, nen sentencies con malicia, cata que a yalma perdes.

     Oh, Xan, look, don't get sick, or sentence with malice; watch out, because you are losing the soul

2. (figurative) person

   Synonyms: cristiano, persoa

3. (figurative) health

   Synonym: saúde

4. (figurative) core, nucleus

   Synonym: cerne

See also

• ánima

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “alma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “alma”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “alma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “alma”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “alma”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Gallurese

Alternative forms

• arma (La Maddalena)

Etymology

From Classical Latin arma, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈalma/

Noun

alma f (plural almi)

1. weapon

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese alma. Cognate with Kabuverdianu álma.

Noun

alma

1. soul

Hungarian

alma

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɒːlmɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: al‧ma
• Rhymes: -mɒ

Etymology 1

From Proto-Common Turkic *alma.

Noun

alma (plural almák)

1. apple

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	alma	almák
accusative	almát	almákat
dative	almának	almáknak
instrumental	almával	almákkal
causal-final	almáért	almákért
translative	almává	almákká
terminative	almáig	almákig
essive-formal	almaként	almákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	almában	almákban
superessive	almán	almákon
adessive	almánál	almáknál
illative	almába	almákba
sublative	almára	almákra
allative	almához	almákhoz
elative	almából	almákból
delative	almáról	almákról
ablative	almától	almáktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	almáé	almáké
non-attributive possessive – plural	almáéi	almákéi

Possessive forms of alma

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	almám	almáim
2nd person sing.	almád	almáid
3rd person sing.	almája	almái
1st person plural	almánk	almáink
2nd person plural	almátok	almáitok
3rd person plural	almájuk	almáik

Derived terms

• almácska
• almányi
• almás
• almázik

Compound words

• almabor
• almafa
• almalé
• almazöld
• birsalma
• gránátalma

Expressions

• nem esik messze az alma a fájától

Etymology 2

alom (“litter, bedding”) +‎ -a (possessive suffix)

Noun

alma

1. third-person singular single-possession possessive of alom

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	alma	—
accusative	almát	—
dative	almának	—
instrumental	almával	—
causal-final	almáért	—
translative	almává	—
terminative	almáig	—
essive-formal	almaként	—
essive-modal	almául	—
inessive	almában	—
superessive	almán	—
adessive	almánál	—
illative	almába	—
sublative	almára	—
allative	almához	—
elative	almából	—
delative	almáról	—
ablative	almától	—
non-attributive possessive – singular	almáé	—
non-attributive possessive – plural	almáéi	—

Further reading

• alma in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• alma in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Ili Turki

Noun

alma

1. apple

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈal.ma/
• Rhymes: -alma
• Hyphenation: àl‧ma

Etymology 1

Probably from Vulgar Latin *alima, dissimilated form of Latin anima (compare Spanish and Portuguese alma); alternatively, a borrowing from Old Occitan (compare Occitan anma, arma). Doublet of anima.

Noun

alma f (plural alme)

1. (literary, archaic) soul

   Synonym: anima

Further reading

• alma¹ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἅλμα (hálma, “jump”).

Noun

alma m (uncountable)

1. (board games) halma

Further reading

• alma² in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

alma

1. feminine singular of almo

Anagrams

• lama

Ladino

Etymology

From Latin anima.

Noun

alma f (plural almas)

1. soul

Latin

Adjective

alma f

1. inflection of almus:
   1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

References

• "alma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “alma”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Leonese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin anima.

Noun

alma f (plural almas)

1. soul

References

• AEDLL

Mirandese

Etymology

From Latin anima (“soul, breath”).

Noun

alma f (plural almas)

1. soul

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin anima (“soul, breath”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈal̪.ma/

Noun

alma f (plural almas)

1. soul
   • a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 26 (facsimile):

     e logo chegar..a alma tomar demões q̇ a leuarõ. mui toſte ſẽ tardar

     and soon devils arrived, seizing the soul, and took it very quickly without delay

Synonyms

• espirito

Descendants

• Galician: alma
• Portuguese: alma

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese alma, from Latin anima (“soul, breath”). Doublet of anima, borrowed from the same source.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaw.mɐ/ [ˈaʊ̯.mɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaw.mɐ/ [ˈaʊ̯.mɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaw.ma/ [ˈaʊ̯.ma]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈal.mɐ/ [ˈaɫ.mɐ]

• Audio (Portugal, Porto):

  (file)

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -almɐ, (Brazil) -awmɐ
• Hyphenation: al‧ma

Noun

alma f (plural almas)

1. soul
   • 1913, Fernando Pessoa, Ó sino da minha aldeia:

     Ó sino da minha aldeia, / Dolente na tarde calma, / Cada tua badalada / Soa dentro da minha alma.

     Oh bell of my village, / Mournful in this peaceful afternoon, / Each one of your tollings / Resounds in my soul.

Derived terms

• minh'alma

Sassarese

Pronunciation

• (Sedini) IPA^(key): /ˈalma/

Noun

alma f (plural almi)

1. (dialectal) Alternative form of àimma (“weapon”)

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish alma, inherited from Latin anima. Doublet of ánima, borrowed from the same source.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈalma/ [ˈal.ma]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -alma
• Syllabification: al‧ma

Noun

alma f (plural almas)

1. soul

   Synonym: ánima

2. (engineering) web (strip of material between flanges)

Usage notes

• Before feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ like alma, the singular definite article takes the form of el (otherwise reserved for masculine nouns) instead of the usual la: el alma. This includes the contracted forms al and del (instead of a la and de la, respectively): al alma, del alma.

This also applies to the indefinite article, which takes the form of un, which is otherwise used with masculine nouns (although the standard feminine form una also occurs): un alma or una alma. The same is true with determiners algún/alguna and ningún/ninguna, as well as for numerals ending with 1 (e.g., veintiún/veintiuna).

However, if another word intervenes between the article and the noun, the usual feminine singular articles and determiners (la, una etc.) are used: la mejor alma, una buena alma.

• In these cases, el and un are not masculine but feminine, deriving from Latin illa and una, respectively, even though they are identical in form to the corresponding masculine singular articles. Thus, they are allomorphs of the feminine singular articles la and una.
• The use of these allomorphs does not change the gender agreement of the adjectives modifying the feminine noun: el alma única, un(a) alma buena.
• In the plural, the usual feminine plural articles and determiners (las, unas, etc.) are always used.

Derived terms

• alma en pena
• alma gemela
• alma mía
• alma perdida
• almilla
• almita
• caérsele el alma a los pies
• con el alma
• con el alma en vilo
• con mil almas
• con toda el alma
• cura de almas
• del alma
• en cuerpo y alma
• en el alma
• no poder con su alma
• noche oscura del alma
• salir como alma que lleva el diablo

Descendants

• → Zoogocho Zapotec: angl

Adjective

alma f

1. feminine singular of almo

Further reading

• “alma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish armar, from Latin armāre.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔalˈma/ [ʔɐlˈma]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: al‧ma

Noun

almá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋ)

1. rising of hind legs in violent protest, rage, or bad temper (as of horses)
2. (figurative) rising in violent protest or anger
3. (figurative) tantrum; fit of bad temper (as of a child)

Derived terms

• mag-alma
• umalma

Related terms

• alarma
• alarmado
• almaryo
• armada
• armadilyo
• armado
• armadura
• armamento
• armas
• armason
• armero
• armi
• armistisyo
• armori
• des-arma
• des-arme
• hendarme

See also

• lindig

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish alma, from Old Spanish alma, from Latin anima. Doublet of anima.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈʔalma/ [ˈʔal.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -alma
• Syllabification: al‧ma

Noun

alma (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋ)

1. soul

   Synonyms: diwa, kaluluwa

Further reading

• “alma”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

• alam

Turkish

Etymology 1

Verb

alma

1. second-person singular negative imperative of almak

Usage notes

• The stress is on the first syllable, i.e. alma.

Noun

alma (definite accusative almayı, plural almalar)

1. verbal noun of almak
   1. taking, picking up, buying

Usage notes

• The stress is on the last syllable, i.e. alma.

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish آلما (alma).

Noun

alma (definite accusative almayı, plural almalar)

1. Obsolete form of elma (“apple”).

Usage notes

• The stress is on the last syllable, i.e. alma.

Turkmen

Other scripts
Latin	alma‍
Cyrillic	алма‍
Arabic	آلما

Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *alma.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: al‧ma

Noun

alma (definite accusative almany, plural almalar)

1. apple

Declension

Declension of alma

	singular	plural
nominative	alma	almalar
accusative	almany	almalary
genitive	almanyň	almalaryň
dative	almā	almalara
locative	almada	almalarda
ablative	almadan	almalardan

Further reading

• “alma” in Enedilim.com
• “alma” in Webonary.org