castigo
Asturian edit
Verb edit
castigo
Catalan edit
Verb edit
castigo
Galician edit
Verb edit
castigo
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
castigo m (plural castighi)
- punishment
- Synonym: punizione
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
castigo
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From an unattested noun *castis (“purity, virtue”) + -igō (“act, make”), the latter a suffixal form of agō. The noun *castis is thought to be formed from careō (“I lack”) + *-tis; the same root is found in castus (“chaste”). For the ending, compare fūstīgō and fatīgō, the formations of which also involve ti-derivations.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kasˈtiː.ɡoː/, [käs̠ˈt̪iːɡoː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kasˈti.ɡo/, [käsˈt̪iːɡo]
Verb edit
castīgō (present infinitive castīgāre, perfect active castīgāvī, supine castīgātum); first conjugation
- to castigate, chastise, reprove
- Synonyms: increpō, accūsō, corripiō, exprobrō, incūsō, obloquor, arripiō, pulsō, reprehendō, animadvertō
- to punish
- Synonyms: multō, pūniō, expiō, obiūrgō, animadvertō, mulctō, moneō, plēctō, ulcīscor, exsequor
- Qui bene amat, bene castigat.
- He, who loves well, castigates well (lit. Spare the rod and spoil the child.)
- c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 3.64:
- Pueros vero matres et magistri castigare etiam solent, nec verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus. Si quid in domestico luctu hilarius ab is factum est aut dictum, plorare cogunt. Quid?
- Mothers and teachers are used to chastise children not only with words, but also with hits of the rod. If the children do or say something rather "cheerful" in a small argument, they make them cry. Why?
- Pueros vero matres et magistri castigare etiam solent, nec verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus. Si quid in domestico luctu hilarius ab is factum est aut dictum, plorare cogunt. Quid?
- to rebuke, reprimand
- Synonyms: obiūrgō, perstringō, arguō, īnsector, corripiō, accūsō, incūsō, damnō, obloquor, increpō, acclāmō, inclāmō, compellō, reprehendō, animadvertō
- c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutiones 2.2.5:
- Plurimus ei de honesto ac bono sermo sit: nam quo saepius monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit.
- May his [the ideal rhetoric teacher's] discussion be very often about what is honourable, good: the more he reminds the student, the less he will reprimand the student.
- Plurimus ei de honesto ac bono sermo sit: nam quo saepius monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit.
- to correct, amend
Conjugation edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Aromanian: cãshtigã, cãshtigari
- Asturian: castigar
- Franco-Provençal: châtiar
- Old French: chastier, chastoiier, castier
- Old French: chastiser
- Friulian: cjastiâ, čhastiâ
- Italian: castigare
- Old Occitan: castigar
- Piedmontese: castighé
- Old Galician-Portuguese: castigar
- Romanian: câștiga, câștigare
- Romansch: chastiar, castigiar, chastier
- Sardinian: casticare, castigae, castigai, castigare
- Sicilian: castigari, castijari, castiari
- Spanish: castigar
- Venetian: castigar
- → English: castigate
- → Middle High German: kestigāte, kestigete
- → Proto-West Germanic: *kastīgōn (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- “castigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “castigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- castigo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) a stern critic of morals: severus morum castigator
- (ambiguous) a stern critic of morals: severus morum castigator
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: cas‧ti‧go
Etymology 1 edit
Deverbal from castigar (“to punish”).
Noun edit
castigo m (plural castigos)
- punishment (penalty to punish wrongdoing)
- Synonym: pena
- crime e castigo ― crime and punishment
- (figurative) something which causes suffering
- grounding (state of being confined by one’s parents, as punishment)
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
castigo
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Deverbal from castigar, from Latin castigāre.
Noun edit
castigo m (plural castigos)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
castigo
Further reading edit
- “castigo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014