chuma

Bondei

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma

1. iron

Chichewa

Etymology

A wanderwort ultimately from Swahili chuma (“iron”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃu.má/

Noun

chumá class 7

1. wealth

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈxʊmˠə]

Adjective

chuma

1. Lenited form of cuma.

Meru

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma

1. iron

Mwani

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma class 7 (plural vyuma)

1. iron
2. ironware

Shona

Etymology

A wanderwort ultimately from Swahili chuma (“iron”).

Noun

chumá class 7

1. bead(s)

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃuma/ [ˈt͡ʃu.ma]
• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: chu‧ma

Adjective

chuma f sg

1. feminine singular of chumo

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Noun

chuma (ki-vi class, plural vyuma)

1. iron
2. ironware (something made of iron)
3. (slang) girlfriend

Descendants

• Kikuyu: cuma

Verb

-chuma (infinitive kuchuma)

1. to gather, collect
2. to earn

Conjugation

Conjugation of -chuma
Positive present -nachuma Subjunctive -chume Negative -chumi Imperative singular chuma
Infinitives
Positive kuchuma Negative kutochuma
Imperatives
Singular chuma Plural chumeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huchuma Positive past positive subject concord + -lichuma Negative past negative subject concord + -kuchuma
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nachuma) Singular Plural 1st person ninachuma/nachuma tunachuma 2nd person unachuma mnachuma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anachuma wanachuma other classes positive subject concord + -nachuma
Negative present (negative subject concord + -chumi) Singular Plural 1st person sichumi hatuchumi 2nd person huchumi hamchumi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hachumi hawachumi other classes negative subject concord + -chumi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tachuma Negative future negative subject concord + -tachuma
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -chume) Singular Plural 1st person nichume tuchume 2nd person uchume mchume 3rd person m-wa(I/II) achume wachume other classes positive subject concord + -chume
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sichume Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngechuma Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singechuma Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalichuma Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalichuma
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -achuma) Singular Plural 1st person nachuma twachuma 2nd person wachuma mwachuma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) achuma wachuma m-mi(III/IV) wachuma yachuma ji-ma(V/VI) lachuma yachuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) chachuma vyachuma n(IX/X) yachuma zachuma u(XI) wachuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwachuma pa(XVI) pachuma mu(XVIII) mwachuma
Perfect positive subject concord + -mechuma "Already" positive subject concord + -meshachuma "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jachuma "If/When" positive subject concord + -kichuma "If not" positive subject concord + -sipochuma Consecutive kachuma / positive subject concord + -kachuma Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kachume
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nichuma -tuchuma 2nd person -kuchuma -wachuma/-kuchumeni/-wachumeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mchuma -wachuma m-mi(III/IV) -uchuma -ichuma ji-ma(V/VI) -lichuma -yachuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kichuma -vichuma n(IX/X) -ichuma -zichuma u(XI) -uchuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuchuma pa(XVI) -pachuma mu(XVIII) -muchuma Reflexive -jichuma
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -chuma- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -chumaye -chumao m-mi(III/IV) -chumao -chumayo ji-ma(V/VI) -chumalo -chumayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chumacho -chumavyo n(IX/X) -chumayo -chumazo u(XI) -chumao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -chumako pa(XVI) -chumapo mu(XVIII) -chumamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -chuma) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yechuma -ochuma m-mi(III/IV) -ochuma -yochuma ji-ma(V/VI) -lochuma -yochuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chochuma -vyochuma n(IX/X) -yochuma -zochuma u(XI) -ochuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kochuma pa(XVI) -pochuma mu(XVIII) -mochuma
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References

• Klein-Arendt, Reinhard (2000) “The Iron Crafts of the Swahili from the Perspective of Historical Semantics”, in Swahili Forum‎^[1], volume 7, pages 153–204

Xhosa

Verb

-chuma^?

1. flourish

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zimba

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma

1. iron (chemical element)