cog
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: kŏg, IPA(key): /kɒɡ/
- (General American) enPR: kŏg, kôg, IPA(key): /kɑɡ/, /kɔɡ/
- Rhymes: -ɒɡ, -ɔːɡ
Audio (UK) (file)
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).
The meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.
NounEdit
cog (plural cogs)
- A tooth on a gear.
- A gear; a cogwheel.
- An unimportant individual in a greater system.
- 1976, Norman Denny (English translation), Victor Hugo (original French), Les Misérables
- ‘There are twenty-five of us, but they don’t reckon I’m worth anything. I’m just a cog in the machine.’
- 1988, David Mamet, Speed-the-Plow
- Your boss tells you “take initiative,” you best guess right—and you do, then you get no credit. Day-in, … smiling, smiling, just a cog.
- 1976, Norman Denny (English translation), Victor Hugo (original French), Les Misérables
- (carpentry) A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint.
- (mining) One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
VerbEdit
cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)
- To furnish with a cog or cogs.
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English cogge, from Middle Dutch kogge, cogghe (modern kogge), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare German Kock (“cogboat”), Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”). See etymology 1 above.
NounEdit
cog (plural cogs)
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Uncertain origin. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.
NounEdit
cog (plural cogs)
- A trick or deception; a falsehood.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of William Watson to this entry?)
TranslationsEdit
VerbEdit
cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)
- To load (a die) so that it can be used to cheat.
- To cheat; to play or gamble fraudulently.
- 1726, Jonathan Swift (debated), Molly Mog
- For guineas in other men's breeches, / Your gamesters will palm and will cog.
- 1726, Jonathan Swift (debated), Molly Mog
- To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.
- c. 1608–1609, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:
- I'll mountebank their loves,
Cog their hearts from them.
- To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; to palm off.
- to cog in a word
- October 3, 1718, John Dennis, letter to S. T. , Esq; On the Deceitfulness of Rumour
- Fustian tragedies […] have […] been cogg'd upon the town for Master-pieces.
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 4Edit
From Old English cogge.
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
cog (plural cogs)
- A small fishing boat.
- Alternative form of cogue (“wooden vessel for milk”)
AnagramsEdit
IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Back-formation from cogadh (“war”).
VerbEdit
cog (present analytic cogann, future analytic cogfaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogtha)
ConjugationEdit
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
MutationEdit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
cog | chog | gcog |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- “cog” in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 1st ed., 1904, by Patrick S. Dinneen, page 158.
Middle EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French cogue, itself from Middle Dutch kogge.
NounEdit
cog
- a ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull
- a. 1472, Thomas Malory, “Capitulum iv”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book V, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, OCLC 71490786; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: Published by David Nutt, […], 1889, OCLC 890162034:
- As the Kynge was in his cog and lay in his caban, he felle in a slumberyng […].
Further readingEdit
- Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.
Scottish GaelicEdit
EtymologyEdit
Back-formation from cogadh (“war, fighting”).
VerbEdit
cog (past chog, future cogaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogte)
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Welsh cog, from Proto-Brythonic *kokā, ultimately imitative, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”).
NounEdit
cog f (plural cogau)
Usage notesEdit
- Cog is usually found preceded by the definite article, y gog.
SynonymsEdit
- (cuckoo): cwcw
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin coquus
NounEdit
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
cog | gog | nghog | chog |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “cog”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies