cog

See also: COG

EnglishEdit

 
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PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

 
Cogwheel showing the teeth (cogs).

From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).

The meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.

NounEdit

cog (plural cogs)

  1. A tooth on a gear.
  2. A gear; a cogwheel.
  3. An unimportant individual in a greater system.
    • 1976, Norman Denny (English translation), Victor Hugo (original French), Les Misérables
      ‘There are twenty-five of us, but they don’t reckon I’m worth anything. I’m just a cog in the machine.’
    • 1988, David Mamet, Speed-the-Plow
      Your boss tells you “take initiative,” you best guess right—and you do, then you get no credit. Day-in, … smiling, smiling, just a cog.
  4. (carpentry) A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint.
  5. (mining) One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
cogwheel — see gear wheel

VerbEdit

cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)

  1. To furnish with a cog or cogs.

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English cogge, from Middle Dutch kogge, cogghe (modern kogge), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare German Kock (“cogboat”), Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”). See etymology 1 above.

NounEdit

cog (plural cogs)

  1. (historical) A ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull.
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Uncertain origin. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.

NounEdit

cog (plural cogs)

  1. A trick or deception; a falsehood.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of William Watson to this entry?)
TranslationsEdit

VerbEdit

cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)

  1. To load (a die) so that it can be used to cheat.
  2. To cheat; to play or gamble fraudulently.
    • 1726, Jonathan Swift (debated), Molly Mog
      For guineas in other men's breeches, / Your gamesters will palm and will cog.
  3. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.
  4. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; to palm off.
    to cog in a word
    • October 3, 1718, John Dennis, letter to S. T. , Esq; On the Deceitfulness of Rumour
      Fustian tragedies […] have […] been cogg'd upon the town for Master-pieces.
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 4Edit

From Old English cogge.

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

cog (plural cogs)

  1. A small fishing boat.
  2. Alternative form of cogue (“wooden vessel for milk”)

AnagramsEdit

IrishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Back-formation from cogadh (“war”).

VerbEdit

cog (present analytic cogann, future analytic cogfaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogtha)

  1. (rare or archaic) to war, wage war

ConjugationEdit

First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present cogaim cogann tú;
cogair†		 cogann sé, sí cogaimid cogann sibh cogann siad;
cogaid†		 a chogann; a chogas /
a gcogann*; a gcogas* 		cogtar
past chog mé; chogas chog tú; chogais chog sé, sí chogamar; chog muid chog sibh; chogabhair chog siad; chogadar a chog /
ar chog* 		cogadh
past habitual chogainn / gcogainn‡‡ chogtá / gcogtᇇ chogadh sé, sí / gcogadh sé, s퇇 chogaimis; chogadh muid / gcogaimis‡‡; gcogadh muid‡‡ chogadh sibh / gcogadh sibh‡‡ chogaidís; chogadh siad / gcogaidís‡‡; gcogadh siad‡‡ a chogadh /
a gcogadh* 		chogtaí / gcogta퇇
future cogfaidh mé;
cogfad 		cogfaidh tú;
cogfair†		 cogfaidh sé, sí cogfaimid;
cogfaidh muid 		cogfaidh sibh cogfaidh siad;
cogfaid†		 a chogfaidh; a chogfas /
a gcogfaidh*; a gcogfas* 		cogfar
conditional chogfainn / gcogfainn‡‡ chogfá / gcogfᇇ chogfadh sé, sí / gcogfadh sé, s퇇 chogfaimis; chogfadh muid / gcogfaimis‡‡; gcogfadh muid‡‡ chogfadh sibh / gcogfadh sibh‡‡ chogfaidís; chogfadh siad / gcogfaidís‡‡; gcogfadh siad‡‡ a chogfadh /
a gcogfadh* 		chogfaí / gcogfa퇇
subjunctive present go gcoga mé;
go gcogad†		 go gcoga tú;
go gcogair†		 go gcoga sé, sí go gcogaimid;
go gcoga muid 		go gcoga sibh go gcoga siad;
go gcogaid†		 — go gcogtar
past dá gcogainn dá gcogtá dá gcogadh sé, sí dá gcogaimis;
dá gcogadh muid 		dá gcogadh sibh dá gcogaidís;
dá gcogadh siad 		— dá gcogtaí
imperative cogaim cog cogadh sé, sí cogaimis cogaigí;
cogaidh†		 cogaidís — cogtar
verbal noun cogadh
past participle cogtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

MutationEdit

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cog chog gcog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further readingEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French cogue, itself from Middle Dutch kogge.

NounEdit

cog

  1. a ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull

Further readingEdit

Scottish GaelicEdit

EtymologyEdit

Back-formation from cogadh (“war, fighting”).

VerbEdit

cog (past chog, future cogaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogte)

  1. fight

WelshEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Welsh cog, from Proto-Brythonic *kokā, ultimately imitative, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”).

NounEdit

cog f (plural cogau)

  1. cuckoo

Usage notesEdit

  • Cog is usually found preceded by the definite article, y gog.

SynonymsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin coquus

NounEdit

cog m (plural cogau or cygod)

  1. cook
    Synonym: cogydd

MutationEdit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
cog gog nghog chog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further readingEdit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “cog”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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