Wiktionary

齒

See also: 歯 and 齿
齒 U+9F52, 齒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F52
← 齑
[U+9F51] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 齓 →
[U+9F53]
⿒ U+2FD2, ⿒
KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH
← ⿑
[U+2FD1] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿓ →
[U+2FD3]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Traditional 齒
Shinjitai 歯
Simplified 齿

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 211 齒

齒 (Kangxi radical 211, 齒+0, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜一山人人 (YMUOO), four-corner 21772, composition ⿱止𠚕)

  1. Kangxi radical #211, ⿒.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №38

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1532, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48583
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2070, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4788, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9F52

Chinese edit

trad. 齒
simp. 齿
alternative forms
 
歯
𠔒
𠚒
𠚕
𡽔
歯
𠔒
𠚒
𠚕
𡽔
𣥫
𣦋
𣦗
𦥒
𦦂
𦥪

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 齒
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (止) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
祉 *kʰlɯʔ
址 *kjɯʔ
止 *kjɯʔ
趾 *kjɯʔ
芷 *kjɯʔ
沚 *kjɯʔ
阯 *kjɯʔ
齒 *kʰjɯʔ
紕 *be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a mouth full of teeth. 之 (zhī) or 止 (zhǐ) was later added on top as a phonetic component.

Etymology edit

Unclear. Not related to Tibetan མཆེ་བ (mche ba, “fang, tusk”), which is cognate with 齻／𱌺 (diān, “eyetooth”), but may be the same word as Proto-Min *kʰiᴮ (“tooth”). Another possibility is a derivation from an Austroasiatic etymon; Schuessler, 2007 (p.188) suggests a possible relationship to Khmer ខ្នាយ (khnaay, “tusk, spur”), as Austroasiatic medial /n/ is often deleted in loans.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • kī - vernacular;
  • chī - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • khí - vernacular;
    • chhí - literary.
    Note:
    • ki2 - vernacular;
    • cin2 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 齒
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
    Tianjin /t͡sʰz̩¹³/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
    Xi'an /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
    Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹²/
    Hefei /t͡sʰʐ̩²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Pingyao /sz̩⁵³/ 平～磨
    /t͡sz̩⁵³/ ～輪兒
    Hohhot /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sz̩³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
    Taoyuan /tʃʰï³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰi³⁵/
    Nanning /t͡sʰi³⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰi³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰi⁵³/
    /kʰi⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰi³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰi²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰi⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /xi²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 齒
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
    Final (韻) 之 (19)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 昌里切
    Baxter tsyhiX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡ɕʰɨX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡ɕʰɨX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡ɕʰieX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/cʰɨX/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡ɕʰiəX/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡ɕʰĭəX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡ɕʰiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chǐ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ci2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 齒
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chǐ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsyhiX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*t-[k]ʰə(ŋ)ʔ/ (or *t.ŋ̊əʔ)
    English front teeth

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 齒
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17302
    Phonetic
    component         		止
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		齒
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰjɯʔ/

    Definitions edit

    齒

    1. (anatomy) tooth
      牙齒／牙齿  ―  yáchǐ  ―  tooth
    2. (figurative) tooth- or zigzag-like thing, such as a sawtooth, cogwheel, or fern
    3. (figurative) age (of a person or animal)
    4. to juxtapose; to put side by side
    5. to utter; to mention
    6. † to employ; to take in
    7. (dialectal) to touch; to be in contact with
    8. (Xiang) pay attention, to be concerned with
      你莫齒他就是的。 [Xiang, trad.]
      你莫齿他就是的。 [Xiang, simp.]
      nyi3 mo6 chr3 ta1 ziou5 shr5 di [Wiktionary]
      It would be better to not pay attention to him.
      我才懶齒得。／我才懒齿得。 [Xiang]  ―  ngo3 zai2 lan3 chr3 de [Wiktionary]  ―  I'd rather not concern myself.

    Synonyms edit

    Dialectal synonyms of 牙齒 (“tooth”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 齒
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牙齒
    Mandarin Beijing 牙
    Taiwan 牙
    Harbin 牙
    Yantai (Muping) 牙
    Jinan 牙
    Luoyang 牙
    Wanrong 牙
    Xi'an 牙
    Yinchuan 牙
    Xining 牙
    Ürümqi 牙
    Wuhan 牙齒, 才調子
    Chengdu 牙齒
    Chongqing 牙齒, 牙巴
    Guiyang 牙齒
    Guilin 牙齒
    Liuzhou 牙齒
    Xuzhou 牙
    Yangzhou 牙子
    Xinghua 牙齒
    Hefei 牙, 牙齒
    Singapore 牙齒
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 牙
    Cantonese Guangzhou 牙
    Hong Kong 牙
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 牙
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 牙
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 牙
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 牙
    Macau 牙
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 牙
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 牙
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 牙
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 牙
    Foshan 牙
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 牙
    Foshan (Shunde) 牙
    Foshan (Sanshui) 牙
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 牙
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 牙
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 牙
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 牙
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 牙
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 牙
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 牙
    Taishan 牙
    Kaiping (Chikan) 牙
    Enping (Niujiang) 牙
    Heshan (Yayao) 牙
    Dongguan 牙
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 牙
    Qingyuan 牙
    Fogang 牙
    Yingde (Hanguang) 牙
    Yangshan 牙
    Lianshan (Butian) 牙齒
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 牙齒
    Shaoguan 牙, 牙齒
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 牙
    Renhua 牙齒
    Lechang 牙, 牙齒
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 牙
    Sihui 牙
    Guangning 牙
    Deqing 牙
    Huaiji 牙
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 牙
    Yunfu 牙
    Xinxing 牙
    Luoding 牙
    Yunan (Pingtai) 牙
    Yangjiang 牙
    Xinyi 牙齒
    Maoming (Xinpo) 牙
    Lianjiang 牙
    Nanning 牙齒, 牙
    Wuzhou 牙齒, 牙
    Yulin 牙齒, 牙
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 牙齒
    Guiping 牙齒
    Mengshan (Xihe) 牙齒
    Guigang (Nanjiang) 牙齒
    Beiliu (Tangliao) 牙齒
    Baise 牙齒
    Bobai 牙齒
    Lingshan 牙齒
    Pubei 牙齒
    Qinzhou 牙齒
    Beihai 牙齒
    Ningming 牙齒
    Hengzhou 牙齒
    Hezhou (Pumen) 牙齒
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 牙
    Singapore (Guangfu) 牙
    Gan Nanchang 牙齒
    Pingxiang 牙齒
    Hakka Meixian 牙齒
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 牙
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 牙
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 牙齒
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 牙
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 牙齒
    Conghua (Lütian) 牙齒
    Yudu 牙齒
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牙齒
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 牙齒
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 牙齒
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 牙齒
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 牙齒
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 牙, 牙齒
    Hong Kong 牙
    Senai (Huiyang) 牙
    Singapore (Dabu) 牙齒
    Huizhou Jixi 牙齒
    Jin Taiyuan 牙
    Xinzhou 牙
    Min Bei Jian'ou 牙齒
    Min Dong Fuzhou 牙
    Changle 牙
    Fuqing 喙齒
    Yongtai 牙齒
    Gutian 喙齒
    Fu'an 喙齒
    Ningde 喙齒
    Shouning 喙齒
    Zhouning 喙齒
    Fuding 牙齒
    Min Nan Xiamen 喙齒, 齒
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 喙齒
    Quanzhou 喙齒, 齒
    Jinjiang 喙齒
    Hui'an 喙齒
    Anxi 喙齒
    Dehua 喙齒
    Zhangzhou 喙齒, 齒
    Zhao'an 喙齒
    Kaohsiung 喙齒, 齒
    Yilan 喙齒
    Changhua (Lukang) 喙齒
    Taichung 牙齒
    Taichung (Wuqi) 喙齒
    Tainan 喙齒
    Taitung 喙齒
    Hsinchu 喙齒
    Penghu (Magong) 喙齒
    Penang (Hokkien) 喙齒, 牙
    Singapore (Hokkien) 喙齒, 齒
    Manila (Hokkien) 喙齒
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 牙齒
    Chaozhou 齒
    Shantou 齒
    Shantou (Chenghai) 齒
    Jieyang 齒
    Haifeng 牙
    Bangkok (Teochew) 齒
    Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 牙
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 齒
    Singapore (Teochew) 齒
    Pontianak (Teochew) 牙
    Leizhou 牙
    Wenchang 牙
    Haikou 齒
    Singapore (Hainanese) 牙, 喙齒
    Puxian Min Putian 齒
    Xianyou 喙齒
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 牙
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 牙齒
    Shehua Fu'an 牙
    Fuding 牙
    Luoyuan 牙
    Sanming 牙
    Shunchang 牙
    Hua'an 牙
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 牙齒
    Wu Shanghai 牙子, 牙齒
    Shanghai (Chongming) 牙齒
    Suzhou 牙子
    Wenzhou 牙齒, 牙
    Jinhua 牙齒
    Xiang Changsha 牙齒
    Loudi 牙齒
    Shuangfeng 牙齒
    Dialectal synonyms of 理 (“to be concerned with; to pay attention to”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 理, 管, 睬, 理睬, 理會
    Mandarin Beijing 理, 搭理, 搭咯
    Taiwan 理, 管
    Jinan 理, 搭理
    Xi'an 招, 理
    Wuhan 邇, 理, 睬
    Chengdu 理, 睬
    Guilin 理
    Yangzhou 睬
    Hefei 理, 睬
    Singapore 理, 管
    Cantonese Guangzhou 睬, 理, 騷
    Hong Kong 睬, 理, 騷
    Yangjiang 理, 睬
    Singapore (Guangfu) 理
    Gan Nanchang 理, 搭
    Hakka Meixian 睬, 唰
    Jin Taiyuan 理, 理睬
    Min Bei Jian'ou 理
    Min Dong Fuzhou 叕, 插
    Min Nan Xiamen 插, 插趖, 插潲, 插管, 管待
    Quanzhou 插, 插趖, 插潲
    Zhangzhou 插, 插潲, 插管, 管待
    Tainan 插, 管, 管待
    Penang (Hokkien) 插潲
    Singapore (Hokkien) 插, 插潲, 管, 插管, 甩
    Chaozhou 睬
    Shantou 理
    Singapore (Teochew) 插
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 理
    Wu Shanghai 睬, 理 rare
    Suzhou 理, 睬
    Wenzhou 朝, 理
    Xiang Changsha 齒
    Shuangfeng 齒, 搭, 邇

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai

    		歯

    Kyūjitai

    		齒

    Kanji edit

    齒

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 歯)

    1. tooth

    Readings edit

    • Go-on: し (shi)
    • Kan-on: し (shi)
    • Kun: は (ha, 齒)

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese 齒 (MC tsyhiX). Recorded as Middle Korean 치〯 (chǐ) (Yale: chi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    齒 (eumhun 이 치 (i chi))

    1. Hanja form? of 치 (“tooth”).

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    齒: Hán Việt readings: xỉ (昌(xương)止(chỉ)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    齒: Nôm readings: xỉ[1][2][4], xỉa[1][3][5], xẻ[3]

    1. chữ Hán form of xỉ (“teeth”).

    References edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    5. ^ Hồ (1976).
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