gustar
Catalan
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin gustāre, possibly a semi-learned term or early borrowing; cf. gust.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgustar (first-person singular present gusto, first-person singular preterite gustí, past participle gustat)
Conjugation
editinfinitive | gustar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | gustant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | gustat | gustada | |||||
plural | gustats | gustades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | gusto | gustes | gusta | gustem | gusteu | gusten | |
imperfect | gustava | gustaves | gustava | gustàvem | gustàveu | gustaven | |
future | gustaré | gustaràs | gustarà | gustarem | gustareu | gustaran | |
preterite | gustí | gustares | gustà | gustàrem | gustàreu | gustaren | |
conditional | gustaria | gustaries | gustaria | gustaríem | gustaríeu | gustarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | gusti | gustis | gusti | gustem | gusteu | gustin | |
imperfect | gustés | gustessis | gustés | gustéssim | gustéssiu | gustessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | gusta | gusti | gustem | gusteu | gustin | |
negative (no) | — | no gustis | no gusti | no gustem | no gusteu | no gustin |
Related terms
editGalician
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese gostar (“to taste”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably borrowed from Latin gustō, gustāre. Compare Portuguese gostar.
Pronunciation
edit
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Hyphenation: gus‧tar
Verb
editgustar (first-person singular present gusto, first-person singular preterite gustei, past participle gustado)
- to be pleased, enjoy
- O viño tinto gústame mellor que o branco ― I like red wine more than white
- 1791, anonymous author, O faraute mandón:
- Rapeteiro Cumilon
traja congros é sentolas
¿Picadiñas con sebolas,
moyto lle gosta ó lambon.- Ravening filcher
he swallows congers and king crabs
minced with onions,
the glutton likes them so much.
- Ravening filcher
- (intransitive) to taste
- (intransitive) to like, enjoy [with de]
- Eu gusto do pan quente ― I enjoy freshly baked bread
Conjugation
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “gostar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “gostar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “gostar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “gustar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “gustar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Ido
editVerb
editgustar (present tense gustas, past tense gustis, future tense gustos, imperative gustez, conditional gustus)
- to taste
Conjugation
editpresent | past | future | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | gustar | gustir | gustor | ||||
tense | gustas | gustis | gustos | ||||
conditional | gustus | ||||||
imperative | gustez | ||||||
adjective active participle | gustanta | gustinta | gustonta | ||||
adverbial active participle | gustante | gustinte | gustonte | ||||
nominal active participle | singular | gustanto | gustinto | gustonto | |||
plural | gustanti | gustinti | gustonti | ||||
adjective passive participle | gustata | gustita | gustota | ||||
adverbial passive participle | gustate | gustite | gustote | ||||
nominal passive participle | singular | gustato | gustito | gustoto | |||
plural | gustati | gustiti | gustoti |
Romanian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editEither from gust + -ar or from Latin augustālis, from augustus.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgustar
Spanish
editEtymology
editBorrowed in this form from Latin gustāre. Replaced the inherited Old Spanish form gostar.[1] See gusto. The use of this verb to mean "like" is a uniquely Ibero-Romance development. Compare Portuguese gostar.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgustar (first-person singular present gusto, first-person singular preterite gusté, past participle gustado)
- (transitive) to taste, to try (determine the flavour of something by putting it in one's mouth)
- (transitive) to experiment, to try
- Synonyms: experimentar, probar
- (intransitive) to please, to be liked by (takes an indirect object)
- Me gusta esta manzana. ― I like this apple. (literally, “This apple is pleasing to me.”)
- (intransitive, uncommon or formal) to like, to enjoy (+ de)
- Synonym: disfrutar
- Gustaba de reunirse con amigos en su casa. ― He liked to meet up with friends in his house.
- (transitive) to want, to please
Usage notes
edit- The English verb to like is usually translated to and from Spanish as gustar. This causes confusion for some English speakers studying Spanish, since (in most common speech) the subject and object of gustar are seemingly reversed from those of to like. That is, the subject of gustar is the thing that "pleases", and the (indirect) object is the one who "likes" that thing. (This usage is in fact more akin to the archaic definition of to like: Su semblante no me gusta ― His countenance likes me not.)
- A commonly used method is to think of gustar as literally meaning to be pleasing to:
- No me gustaron las espinacas. ― I didn't like the spinach. (literally, “The spinach was not pleasing to me.”)
- ¿Te gusto? ― Do you like me? (literally, “Am I pleasing to you?”)
- Le gustas a María ― María likes you. (literally, “You are pleasing to María.”)
- A los pájaros les gusta cantar. ― Birds like to sing. (literally, “Singing is pleasing to birds.”)
- A la chica le gustan las flores. ― The girl likes flowers. (literally, “Flowers are pleasing to the girl.”)
- Note that the indirect object pronoun is usually compulsory before gustar, even if the object itself is also present in the sentence. The only exception is if the object is a universal pronoun such as todo or nadie, in which case the extra pronoun is often optional:
- Yo creía que esta película no (le) gustaba a nadie, pero ahora sé que le gustó mucho a mi madre. ― I used to think that no one liked this film, but now I know that my mother liked it a lot.
- Also, in its conditional form, gustar can be used to express wishes or polite requests, in the same way as would like in English:
- Nos gustaría más dinero. ― We would like more money.
- However, the form gustar de does not "reverse" the subject and object, and functions similarly to its English counterpart. Hence, (A mí) me gusta Madrid and (Yo) gusto de Madrid are both acceptable translations of I like Madrid. The latter form, however, is considered somewhat formal, and is much less common in all dialects of Spanish, especially in speech.
- When used to mean to taste or to want, it functions like a typical transitive verb (i.e., the subject and object are not "reversed" and the preposition de is not used):
- ¿Gustas la cerveza? ― Do you taste the beer? / Do you want the beer?
- (Contrast with ¿Te gusta la cerveza? and ¿Gustas de la cerveza?, both of which mean "Do you like beer?".)
- For the meaning to want, gustar is rarely used except in courtesy expressions (elsewhere, verbs such as querer are used more commonly).
Conjugation
editinfinitive | gustar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | gustando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | gustado | gustada | |||||
plural | gustados | gustadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | gusto | gustastú gustásvos |
gusta | gustamos | gustáis | gustan | |
imperfect | gustaba | gustabas | gustaba | gustábamos | gustabais | gustaban | |
preterite | gusté | gustaste | gustó | gustamos | gustasteis | gustaron | |
future | gustaré | gustarás | gustará | gustaremos | gustaréis | gustarán | |
conditional | gustaría | gustarías | gustaría | gustaríamos | gustaríais | gustarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | guste | gustestú gustésvos2 |
guste | gustemos | gustéis | gusten | |
imperfect (ra) |
gustara | gustaras | gustara | gustáramos | gustarais | gustaran | |
imperfect (se) |
gustase | gustases | gustase | gustásemos | gustaseis | gustasen | |
future1 | gustare | gustares | gustare | gustáremos | gustareis | gustaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | gustatú gustávos |
guste | gustemos | gustad | gusten | ||
negative | no gustes | no guste | no gustemos | no gustéis | no gusten |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Synonyms
edit- (to like something): antojar, apetecer, encantar, molar (colloquial, Spain)
- (to like somebody, not romantically): agradar, parecer bien, caer bien (colloquial)
- (to like somebody romantically): estar enamorado de, encularse de (vulgar, El Salvador)
- (to like doing something): adorar, encantar, fascinar
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- → Mecayapan Nahuatl: quigustarohua
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
edit- “gustar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
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