pollen
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin pollen (“fine flour”). Used by Linnaeus in the 18th century to describe the spores produced in the anthers of flowers.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɒlən/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈpɑlən/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒlən
- Hyphenation: pol‧len
NounEdit
pollen (usually uncountable, plural pollens)
- A fine, granular substance produced in flowers.
- (botany) Pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants. [from mid 18th century]
- 2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:
- In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.
- (obsolete) Fine powder in general, fine flour. [16th-century per OED]
- 1523-1525, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, Froissart's Chronicles[1], translation of original by Jean Froissart:
- and ther was good wyne of Gascoyne, […] as well of pollen, as of other vitailes
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
fine granular substance produced in flowers
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VerbEdit
pollen (third-person singular simple present pollens, present participle pollening, simple past and past participle pollened)
- (transitive, poetic) To cover with, or as if with, pollen.
See alsoEdit
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
pollen n (singular definite pollenet, plural indefinite pollen)
ReferencesEdit
- “pollen” in Den Danske Ordbog
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
pollen n (uncountable)
Usage notesEdit
The common term in Dutch is stuifmeel. The term pollen is found in biology texts, but is furthermore in common use when identifying the causative agent of hay fever. In that sense, the word is often mistakenly construed as being plural (“Tranende, jeukende ogen en een loopneus: pollen zijn geen pretje”, Metro, 29 February 2016; “Er hangen al pollen in de lucht: hooikoortsseizoen is begonnen”, Het Laatste Nieuws, 10 January 2018; “Pollen kunnen nu al voor hooikoorts zorgen”, De Telegraaf, 22 December 2018).
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
pollen
InflectionEdit
| Inflection of pollen (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | pollen | |||
| past singular | pollde | |||
| past participle | gepolld | |||
| infinitive | pollen | |||
| gerund | pollen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | poll | pollde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | pollt | pollde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | pollt | pollde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | pollt | pollde | ||
| 3rd person singular | pollt | pollde | ||
| plural | pollen | pollden | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | polle | pollde | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | pollen | pollden | ||
| imperative sing. | poll | |||
| imperative plur.1 | pollt | |||
| participles | pollend | gepolld | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
pollen
- Plural form of pol
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Latin pollen.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
pollen m (plural pollens)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “pollen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
GermanEdit
VerbEdit
pollen (weak, third-person singular present pollt, past tense pollte, past participle gepollt, auxiliary haben)
ConjugationEdit
| infinitive | pollen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | pollend | ||||
| past participle | gepollt | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich polle | wir pollen | i | ich polle | wir pollen |
| du pollst | ihr pollt | du pollest | ihr pollet | ||
| er pollt | sie pollen | er polle | sie pollen | ||
| preterite | ich pollte | wir pollten | ii | ich pollte1 | wir pollten1 |
| du polltest | ihr polltet | du polltest1 | ihr polltet1 | ||
| er pollte | sie pollten | er pollte1 | sie pollten1 | ||
| imperative | poll (du) polle (du) |
pollt (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”); compare with pulvis and Ancient Greek πάλη (pálē, “the finest meal”, “any fine dust”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
pollen n (genitive pollinis); third declension
- (literally) flour, especially fine flour, milldust
- (transferred sense) the (very) fine powder or dust of other things
DeclensionEdit
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | pollen | pollina |
| Genitive | pollinis | pollinum |
| Dative | pollinī | pollinibus |
| Accusative | pollen | pollina |
| Ablative | polline | pollinibus |
| Vocative | pollen | pollina |
SynonymsEdit
- (transferred sense: fine powder or dust): pulvis
Derived termsEdit
- polenta
- pollināris (Classical)
- pollinārium (New Latin)
- pollinārius (Classical)
- pollinātus (Classical)
- pollinicus (post-Classical)
- pollinium (New Latin)
- pollinivorus (New Latin)
- pollinōdium (New Latin)
- pollinoīdēs (New Latin)
- pollinōsus (New Latin)
DescendantsEdit
- Italian: polline
- Neapolitan: ponila (Taranto), ponnula (Lecce)
- Sardinian: poddine, poddini
- → Catalan: pol·len
- → English: pollen
- → French: pollen
- → German: Pollen
- → Portuguese: pólen
- → Romanian: polen
- → Spanish: polen
ReferencesEdit
- “pollen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “pollen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- pollĕn in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,195/1
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “pollen”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 131
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “pŏllen”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 497
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
pollen n (definite singular pollenet)
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “pollen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
pollen n (definite singular pollenet)
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
pollen m
ReferencesEdit
- “pollen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
SwedishEdit
NounEdit
pollen n (uncountable)
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of pollen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncountable | ||||
| Indefinite | Definite | |||
| Nominative | pollen | pollenet | — | — |
| Genitive | pollens | pollenets | — | — |