pollen
English edit
Etymology edit
From Latin pollen (“fine flour”). Used by Linnaeus in the 18th century to describe the spores produced in the anthers of flowers.
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɒlən/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈpɑlən/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒlən
- Hyphenation: pol‧len
Noun edit
pollen (usually uncountable, plural pollens)
- A fine, granular substance produced in flowers.
- (botany) Pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants. [from mid 18th century]
- 2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:
- In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.
- (obsolete) Fine powder in general, fine flour. [16th-century per OED]
- 1523-1525, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, Froissart's Chronicles[1], translation of original by Jean Froissart:
- and ther was good wyne of Gascoyne, […] as well of pollen, as of other vitailes
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
pollen (third-person singular simple present pollens, present participle pollening, simple past and past participle pollened)
- (transitive, poetic) To cover with, or as if with, pollen.
See also edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
pollen n (singular definite pollenet, plural indefinite pollen)
References edit
- “pollen” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
pollen n (uncountable)
Usage notes edit
The common term in Dutch is stuifmeel. The term pollen is found in biology texts, but is furthermore in common use when identifying the causative agent of hay fever. In that sense, the word is often mistakenly construed as being plural (“Tranende, jeukende ogen en een loopneus: pollen zijn geen pretje”, Metro, 29 February 2016; “Er hangen al pollen in de lucht: hooikoortsseizoen is begonnen”, Het Laatste Nieuws, 10 January 2018; “Pollen kunnen nu al voor hooikoorts zorgen”, De Telegraaf, 22 December 2018).
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
pollen
Inflection edit
Inflection of pollen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | pollen | |||
past singular | pollde | |||
past participle | gepolld | |||
infinitive | pollen | |||
gerund | pollen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | poll | pollde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | pollt | pollde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | pollt | pollde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | pollt | pollde | ||
3rd person singular | pollt | pollde | ||
plural | pollen | pollden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | polle | pollde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | pollen | pollden | ||
imperative sing. | poll | |||
imperative plur.1 | pollt | |||
participles | pollend | gepolld | ||
1) Archaic. |
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
pollen
French edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin pollen.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pollen m (plural pollens)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “pollen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German edit
Verb edit
pollen (weak, third-person singular present pollt, past tense pollte, past participle gepollt, auxiliary haben)
Conjugation edit
infinitive | pollen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | pollend | ||||
past participle | gepollt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich polle | wir pollen | i | ich polle | wir pollen |
du pollst | ihr pollt | du pollest | ihr pollet | ||
er pollt | sie pollen | er polle | sie pollen | ||
preterite | ich pollte | wir pollten | ii | ich pollte1 | wir pollten1 |
du polltest | ihr polltet | du polltest1 | ihr polltet1 | ||
er pollte | sie pollten | er pollte1 | sie pollten1 | ||
imperative | poll (du) polle (du) |
pollt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”); compare with pulvis and Ancient Greek πάλη (pálē, “the finest meal”, “any fine dust”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpol.len/, [ˈpɔlːʲɛn]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpol.len/, [ˈpɔlːen]
Noun edit
pollen n (genitive pollinis); third declension
- (literally) flour, especially fine flour, milldust
- (transferred sense) the (very) fine powder or dust of other things
Declension edit
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | pollen | pollina |
Genitive | pollinis | pollinum |
Dative | pollinī | pollinibus |
Accusative | pollen | pollina |
Ablative | polline | pollinibus |
Vocative | pollen | pollina |
Synonyms edit
- (transferred sense: fine powder or dust): pulvis
Derived terms edit
- polenta
- pollināris (Classical)
- pollinārium (New Latin)
- pollinārius (Classical)
- pollinātus (Classical)
- pollinicus (post-Classical)
- pollinium (New Latin)
- pollinivorus (New Latin)
- pollinōdium (New Latin)
- pollinoīdēs (New Latin)
- pollinōsus (New Latin)
Descendants edit
- Italian: polline
- Neapolitan: ponila (Taranto), ponnula (Lecce)
- Sardinian: poddine, poddini
- → Catalan: pol·len
- → English: pollen
- → French: pollen
- → German: Pollen
- → Portuguese: pólen
- → Romanian: polen
- → Spanish: polen
References edit
- “pollen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “pollen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- pollĕn in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,195/1.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “pollen”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 131
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “pŏllen”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 497
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
pollen n (definite singular pollenet)
Related terms edit
References edit
- “pollen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
pollen n (definite singular pollenet)
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
pollen m
References edit
- “pollen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Swedish edit
Noun edit
pollen n (uncountable)
Declension edit
Declension of pollen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | pollen | pollenet | — | — |
Genitive | pollens | pollenets | — | — |
Derived terms edit
- pollenallergi (“pollen allergy”)
- pollenallergiker (“someone allergic to pollen”)