See also: 可怜

Chinese

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can; may; able to
can; may; able to; certain(ly); to suit; (particle used for emphasis)
 
to pity
trad. (可憐)
simp. (可怜)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (29) (37)
Final () (94) (85)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I IV
Fanqie
Baxter khaX len
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɑX/ /len/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰɑX/ /len/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɑX/ /lɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰaX/ /lɛn/
Li
Rong
/kʰɑX/ /len/
Wang
Li
/kʰɑX/ /lien/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰɑX/ /lien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ho2 lin4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lián
Middle
Chinese
‹ khaX › ‹ len ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ʰˁa[j]ʔ/ /*rˁiŋ/
English may; acceptable love; pity

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 7446 8193
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰaːlʔ/ /*riːn/

Verb

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可憐

  1. to have pity on; to pity
    可憐可怜  ―  Wǒ hěn kělián tā.  ―  I feel sorry for him.

Synonyms

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Adjective

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可憐

  1. pitiful; pitiable; poor
    Synonyms: (Min Nan) 可憐代可怜代, (Sichuan, Xiang) 造孽 (zàoniè), (Dungan) 孽障 (nièzhàng), (Wu) 罪過罪过 (zuìguò)
    可憐孩子可怜孩子  ―  kělián de háizi  ―  poor kid
  2. meager; negligible (of a number or amount)
  3. (literary) lovely

Derived terms

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 5
れん
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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()(れん) (karen-na (adnominal ()(れん) (karen na), adverbial ()(れん) (karen ni))

  1. pretty, lovely
    • 1919, 板倉勝宣, 山と雪の日記:
      ここから()ると可憐(かれん)(やま)だ。
      Koko kara miru to karen na yama da.
      If you look over there you can see lovely mountains.
  2. pitiful
    • 1932, 魯迅, :
      ところがあの(うま)(ほね)め、()たれても平気(へいき)で、可憐(かれん)そうだ。
      Tokoro ga ano uma no hone me, utarete mo heiki de, karen sō da.
      Still, it's awfully sad to see that bony horse that doesn't even care when it gets hit.
    Synonyms: かわいそう, 気の毒

Inflection

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Noun

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()(れん) (karen

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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可憐 (garyeon) (hangeul 가련)

  1. hanja form? of 가련 (pitiful)